StandardError：发生错误，删除该列时取消此迁移和所有后续迁移

Question

我有一张如下表：

class CreateInvoiceDetails < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    create_table :invoice_details do |t|
      t.string :invoice_number
      t.string :supplier_name
      t.date :invoice_due_date
      t.string :description_of_goods
      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end

现在我想从 invoice_details 表中删除 description_of_goods 列。我使用了以下命令：

rails generate migration  RemoveDescriptionOfGoodsFromInvoiceDetails description_of_goods:string

我也试过了：

rails g migration remove_description_of_goods_from_invoice_details description_of_goods:string

在这两种情况下都创建了迁移，但是当我 运行 rake db:migrate 时，我面临以下错误：

== 20150319194628 RemoveDescriptionOfGoodsFromInvoiceDetails: migrating =======
-- remove_column(:invoice_details, :description_of_goods, :string)
rake aborted!
StandardError: An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled:

undefined method `to_sym' for nil:NilClass/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb:216:in `column'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:548:in `block (2 levels) in copy_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:541:in `each'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:541:in `block in copy_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:198:in `create_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:538:in `copy_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:531:in `move_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:524:in `block in alter_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:199:in `transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:523:in `alter_table'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:466:in `remove_column'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:649:in `block in method_missing'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `block in say_with_time'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:621:in `say_with_time'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:641:in `method_missing'
/home/raj/Desktop/Projects/invoicemanagement/db/migrate/20150319194628_remove_description_of_goods_from_invoice_details.rb:3:in `change'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:595:in `exec_migration'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:579:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:578:in `block in migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:294:in `with_connection'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:577:in `migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:752:in `migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:992:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:201:in `block in transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:209:in `within_new_transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:201:in `transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in `transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1038:in `ddl_transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:991:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:953:in `block in migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `each'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:949:in `migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:807:in `up'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:785:in `migrate'
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:34:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

请帮我解决这个错误。

Answer 1

如果您使用的是 SQLite，这是 SQLite 数据库不支持删除列的问题： http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q11

Answer 2

这是我在使用 rails 迁移时遇到的问题。您拼写错误或错误排列了一个字段的名称。这是你可以做的。

If you have only done one migration since the problem.
rake db:rollback.
That will get you to the mistake and you can change the problem which I will talk about more later.
If it is not the last migration keep going with rake db:rollback until you are there and the problem is fixed.

问题是这样的。注意第一个的顺序和第二个的拼写。这两个问题让我遇到了和你现在一样的情况，那就是 to_sym bs。

Answer 3

要恢复最近的迁移，这应该可以工作（1 步）

rake db:rollback

要恢复你应该运行的 k 个步骤

rake db:rollback STEP=k

其中 k 是您要还原的步骤数，最后 为我工作，然后使用

rake db:migrate

再次执行迁移。

Answer 4

我遇到了同样的问题，几个小时后我终于找到了使用self.up而不是change的解决方案

def self.up
    create_table :users do |t|
        ...
    end
end

然后运行rake db:migrate。