Django Rest Framework 未显示 PATCH/PUT 请求的表单字段答案

【问题标题】：Django Rest Framework not showing form fields for PATCH/PUT requestDjango Rest Framework 未显示 PATCH/PUT 请求的表单字段
【发布时间】：2021-01-21 05:14:28
【问题描述】：

我有一个使用 Django Rest Framework 的 Django 项目。出于某种原因，当我转到我的一个端点（发出 PATCH/PUT 请求）时，我在可浏览的 API 中看不到任何表单字段。这是资源的代码：

models.py

from django.db import models


class Patient(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    diagnosis = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    primary_doctor = models.ForeignKey('Doctor', related_name='patients', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    born_on = models.DateField()
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0.first_name} {0.last_name}".format(self)

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

from ..models.patient import Patient
from ..serializers import PatientSerializer


class Patients(APIView):
    def get(sef, request):
        patients = Patient.objects.all()[:10]
        serializer = PatientSerializer(patients, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    serializer_class = PatientSerializer

    def post(self, request):
        patient = PatientSerializer(data=request.data)
        if patient.is_valid():
            patient.save()
            return Response(patient.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(patient.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

class PatientDetail(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        patient = get_object_or_404(Patient, pk=pk)
        serializer = PatientSerializer(patient)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    serializer_class = PatientSerializer

    def patch(self, request, pk):
        patient = get_object_or_404(Patient, pk=pk)
        serializer = PatientSerializer(patient, data=request.data['patient'])
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_202_ACCEPTED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        patient = get_object_or_404(Patient, pk)
        patient.delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

序列化器.py

from rest_framework import serializers

from .models.patient import Patient


class PatientSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Patient
        fields = ('id', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'diagnosis', 'born_on', 'primary_doctor', 'created_at', 'updated_at')

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views.doctor_views import Doctors, DoctorDetail
from .views.patient_views import Patients, PatientDetail

urlpatterns = [
    path('doctors/', Doctors.as_view(), name='doctors'),
    path('doctors/<int:pk>/', DoctorDetail.as_view(), name='doctor_detail'),
    path('patients/', Patients.as_view(), name='patients'),
    path('patients/<int:pk>/', PatientDetail.as_view(), name='patient_detail'),
]

这就是我转到“/patients/3”时浏览器的样子。没有要填写的表单字段，只有 JSON 的内容区域。当我在“/患者”处进行 POST 时，会出现表单字段，我可以正常 POST。谁能告诉我为什么会发生这种情况？

【问题讨论】：

能否请您分享端点的 url 模式？
@twrought 是的，我已将它们添加到原始帖子中

标签： python django django-rest-framework

【解决方案1】：

如果您将PatientDetail 的patch 方法更改为put，表单应该会出现并在URL 上正常运行以更新患者。据我了解，您可以将它们与 DRF 互换使用 (No difference between PUT and PATCH in Django REST Framework)。区别在于是否需要序列化器字段。

不过，它们在低级别技术上是不同的——补丁是真正的“部分更新”(Use of PUT vs PATCH methods in REST API real life scenarios)。

在put方法中，你也应该改变

serializer = PatientSerializer(patient, data=request.data['patient'])

到

serializer = PatientSerializer(data=request.data)

然后，端点应该按预期运行。

【讨论】：