无法执行二进制文件：自定义 Yocto 层的执行格式错误

【问题标题】：cannot execute binary file: Exec format error for a custom Yocto layer无法执行二进制文件：自定义 Yocto 层的执行格式错误
【发布时间】：2018-05-04 23:46:41
【问题描述】：

我想为 phyBOARD Mira 板 的CANBOAT Repository 创建一个 Yocto 层，它将连接到船上的 NMEA2000。我想读取不同的 PGN 值并将其存储在数据库中。

配置

我有一个 Linux 虚拟机（Ubuntu 16.04 LTS）

Linux ubuntu 4.13.0-39-generic #44~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 5 16:43:10 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

我在$YOCTO_DIR 中名为sources 的文件夹中拥有所有meta 层。在sources 中，我创建了meta-canboat 层，其结构如下：

├── conf
│   └── layer.conf
├── COPYING.MIT
├── README
└── recipes-canboat
    └── canboat
        └── canboat.bb

canboat.bb 基于Yocto-Mega-Manual for Makefile

SUMMARY = "CANBOAT"
SECTION = "base"
LICENSE = "GPLv3"
#DEPENDS = "xsltproc"

LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://GPL;md5=05507c6da2404b0e88fe5a152fd12540"

S = "${WORKDIR}/git"

SRC_URI = "git://github.com/canboat/canboat.git;branch=${SRCBRANCH}"
SRCBRANCH = "master"
SRCREV = "93b2ebfb334d7a9750b6947d3a4af9b091be2432"

do_compile() {// this is not necessary for Yocto
    make
}
do_install() { // for Makefile Packages do_install is necessary
   oe_runmake install DESTDIR=${D}
}

构建和错误

在我执行的build目录中

  bitbake canboat

并获取错误日志：

| DEBUG: Executing shell function do_compile
| mkdir -p rel/linux-x86_64
| for dir in actisense-serial analyzer n2kd nmea0183 ip group-function candump2analyzer socketcan-writer; do make -C $dir; done
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/actisense-serial'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/actisense-serial -I../common actisense-serial.c ../common/common.c
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/actisense-serial'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/analyzer'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/analyzer -I../common pgn.c analyzer.c ../common/common.c
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/analyzer'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/n2kd'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/n2kd -I../common main.c gps_ais.c nmea0183.c ../common/common.c -lm
| cp n2kd_monitor ../rel/linux-x86_64/n2kd_monitor
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/n2kd'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/nmea0183'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/nmea0183-serial  -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -I../common nmeareader.c ../common/common.c
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/nmea0183'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/ip'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/iptee  -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -I../common iptee.c ../common/common.c
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/ip'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/group-function'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/command-group-function -I../common command.c ../common/common.c
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/request-group-function -I../common request.c ../common/common.c
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/group-function'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/candump2analyzer'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/candump2analyzer -I../common candump2analyzer.c ../common/common.c -lm
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/candump2analyzer'
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/socketcan-writer'
| arm-phytec-linux-gnueabi-gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon  -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a9 --sysroot=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3   -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0=/usr/src/debug/canboat/1.0-r0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux= -fdebug-prefix-map=/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/sysroots/phyboard-mira-imx6-3=  -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -o ../rel/linux-x86_64/socketcan-writer -I../analyzer -I../common socketcan-writer.c ../analyzer/pgn.c ../common/common.c
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/socketcan-writer'
| make -C analyzer json
| make[1]: Entering directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/analyzer'
| ../rel/linux-x86_64/analyzer -explain-xml >pgns.xml && xsltproc pgns2json.xslt pgns.xml >pgns.json

| /bin/sh: ../rel/linux-x86_64/analyzer: 无法执行二进制文件: 执行格式错误

| Makefile:33: recipe for target 'json' failed
| make[1]: *** [json] Error 126
| make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/git/analyzer'
| Makefile:29: recipe for target 'all' failed
| make: *** [all] Error 2
| WARNING: /opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/temp/run.do_compile.47581:1 exit 2 from 'make'
| ERROR: Function failed: do_compile (log file is located at /opt/PHYTEC_BSPs/yocto_fsl/build/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-neon-phytec-linux-gnueabi/canboat/1.0-r0/temp/log.do_compile.47581)

我了解-x86_64 二进制文件在gnueabi 平台上可能不兼容。如何编译此存储库以克服这种不兼容性？

GitHub 仓库

meta-canboat

【问题讨论】：

    标签： makefile embedded-linux yocto nmea2000


    【解决方案1】：

    答案取决于二进制文件的作用：二进制文件的结果是否取决于工具运行的架构？如果您在问题中添加详细信息，有人可能会提供更详细的答案。

    选项1：如果工具结果独立于架构，那么您可以首先编译canboat的“原生”（即构建主机arch）版本，然后确保目标构建依赖于原生版本并使用来自本机构建。这将意味着配方中的微小变化和 Makefile 中的一些变化

    选项 2：如果结果确实依赖于 arch，您可能必须使用 qemu 来运行该工具。

    在 poky 资源中都有这两种情况的示例。

    可能还有第三种选择：如果构建成功不需要文件，否则您可以在首次启动/安装时在安装后脚本中运行该工具（并修改构建系统以在构建期间不执行此操作） .

    【讨论】：

    • 根据wikiIt is built regularly on Linux (x86), Linux (armv7), Darwin (Mac OS X) and Windows x86 (under Cygwin).我尝试在VM上运行它并且它安装没有错误
    • 可以，但是在VM中编译然后在VM中运行不像Yocto那样交叉编译。
    • 顺便说一句，基于快速浏览该项目可能从未被交叉编译：您可能最终不得不修复几件事情（例如查看 PLATFORM 变量——当您在 x86-64 上构建，但目标是 arm...)
    • 我为 Board 创建了一个 SDK，并尝试使用 sdk 中的变量再次创建存储库。它仍然提供相同的错误。为什么会发生这种情况？
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