使用fig.suptitle() 设置图形标题和使用ax.set_title() 设置轴(子图)标题相当简单。对于设置中间的跨列标题,确实没有内置选项。
解决此问题的一种方法是在适当的位置使用plt.figtext()。需要为该标题考虑一些额外的空间,例如通过使用fig.subplots_adjust 并找到此无花果文本的适当位置。
在下面的示例中,我们使用标题应跨越的轴的边界框来找到集中的水平位置。垂直位置是最好的猜测。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(10)
y = np.random.rand(10,8)
colors=["b", "g", "r", "violet"]
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=4, sharex=True, sharey=True, figsize=(8,5))
#set a figure title on top
fig.suptitle("Very long figure title over the whole figure extent", fontsize='x-large')
# adjust the subplots, i.e. leave more space at the top to accomodate the additional titles
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.78)
ext = []
#loop over the columns (j) and rows(i) to populate subplots
for j in range(4):
for i in range(2):
axes[i,j].scatter(x, y[:,4*i+j], c=colors[j], s=25)
# each axes in the top row gets its own axes title
axes[0,j].set_title('title {}'.format(j+1))
# save the axes bounding boxes for later use
ext.append([axes[0,j].get_window_extent().x0, axes[0,j].get_window_extent().width ])
# this is optional
# from the axes bounding boxes calculate the optimal position of the column spanning title
inv = fig.transFigure.inverted()
width_left = ext[0][0]+(ext[1][0]+ext[1][1]-ext[0][0])/2.
left_center = inv.transform( (width_left, 1) )
width_right = ext[2][0]+(ext[3][0]+ext[3][1]-ext[2][0])/2.
right_center = inv.transform( (width_right, 1) )
# set column spanning title
# the first two arguments to figtext are x and y coordinates in the figure system (0 to 1)
plt.figtext(left_center[0],0.88,"Left column spanning title", va="center", ha="center", size=15)
plt.figtext(right_center[0],0.88,"Right column spanning title", va="center", ha="center", size=15)
axes[0,0].set_ylim([0,1])
axes[0,0].set_xlim([0,10])
plt.show()