从文本文件构建缩写字典

Question

我想建立一个缩写字典。

我有一个包含很多缩写的文本文件。文本文件如下所示（导入后）

with open('abreviations.txt') as ab:
    ab_words = ab.read().splitlines()

摘录：

'ACE',
'Access Control Entry',
'ACK',
'Acknowledgement',
'ACORN',
'A Completely Obsessive Really Nutty person',

现在我想构建字典，其中我将每个不均匀的行作为字典键，将每个偶数行作为字典值。

因此我应该能够在最后写：

ab_dict['ACE']

并得到结果：

'Access Control Entry'

另外，我怎样才能使它不区分大小写？

ab_dict['ace']

应该产生相同的结果

'Access Control Entry'

事实上，如果输出也是小写，那就完美了：

'access control entry'

这里是文本文件的链接：https://www.dropbox.com/s/91afgnupk686p9y/abreviations.txt?dl=0

Answer 1

具有自定义ABDict 类和Python 的生成器功能的完整解决方案：

class ABDict(dict):
    ''' Class representing a dictionary of abbreviations'''

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        v = dict.__getitem__(self, key.upper())
        return v.lower() if key.islower() else v

with open('abbreviations.txt') as ab:
    ab_dict = ABDict()

    while True:
        try:
            k = next(ab).strip()    # `key` line
            v = next(ab).strip()    # `value` line
            ab_dict[k] = v
        except StopIteration:
            break

现在，测试（使用 case-relative 访问）：

print(ab_dict['ACE'])
print(ab_dict['ace'])
print('*' * 10)
print(ab_dict['WYTB'])
print(ab_dict['wytb'])

输出（连续）：

Access Control Entry
access control entry
**********
Wish You The Best
wish you the best

Answer 2

这是另一个基于来自this solution 的pairwise 函数的解决方案：

from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict

def pairwise(iterable):
    "s -> (s0, s1), (s2, s3), (s4, s5), ..."
    a = iter(iterable)
    return zip(a, a)

with open('abreviations.txt') as reader:
    abr_dict = CaseInsensitiveDict()
    for abr, full in pairwise(reader):
        abr_dict[abr.strip()] = full.strip()

Answer 3

这是一个答案，它还允许用字典中的单词替换句子：

import re
from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict

def read_file_dict(filename):
    """
    Reads file data into CaseInsensitiveDict
    """

    # lists for keys and values
    keys = []
    values = []

    # case sensitive dict
    data = CaseInsensitiveDict()

    # count used for deciding which line we're on
    count = 1

    with open(filename) as file:
        temp = file.read().splitlines()

        for line in temp:

            # if the line count is even, a value is being read
            if count % 2 == 0:
                values.append(line)

            # otherwise, a key is being read
            else:
                keys.append(line)
            count += 1

    # Add to dictionary
    # perhaps some error checking here would be good
    for key, value in zip(keys, values):
        data[key] = value

    return data


def replace_word(ab_dict, sentence):
    """
    Replaces sentence with words found in dictionary
    """

    # not necessarily words, but you get the idea
    words = re.findall(r"[\w']+|[.,!?; ]", sentence)

    new_words = []
    for word in words:

        # if word is in dictionary, replace it and add it to resulting list
        if word in ab_dict:
            new_words.append(ab_dict[word])

        # otherwise add it as normally
        else:
            new_words.append(word)

    # return sentence with replaced words
    return "".join(x for x in new_words)


def main():
    ab_dict = read_file_dict("abreviations.txt")

    print(ab_dict)

    print(ab_dict['ACE'])
    print(ab_dict['Ace'])
    print(ab_dict['ace'])

    print(replace_word(ab_dict, "The ACE is not easy to understand"))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

哪些输出：

{'ACE': 'Access Control Entry', 'ACK': 'Acknowledgement', 'ACORN': 'A Completely Obsessive Really Nutty person'}
Access Control Entry
Access Control Entry
Access Control Entry
The Access Control Entry is not easy to understand