Rspec 不识别 RSpec::Matcher 和 RSpec::Core 的任何方法

Question

我花了 4 天时间尝试正确安装 Ruby on Rails，但我遇到了一个大问题。我第一次使用 Linux（对我来说更舒服），但是在遇到问题后，我使用了 windows。令我惊讶的是，我在 Windows 上遇到了同样的问题，所以我想我已经禁止了某些东西。如果我尝试为模型加载带有小表单的页面，它会显示一条错误消息：

Unable to autoload constant ReservationsController, expected ...../app/controllers/reservations_controller.rb to define it

另外，如果我尝试使用 rspec 对模型执行测试，我会收到很多以下类型的错误：

$ rspec spec/models/reservation_spec.rb 
FFFFF

Failures:

  1) Reservation Fields 
     Failure/Error: it{ should have_fields( :from_date ).of_type( Date ) }
     NoMethodError:
       undefined method `of_type' for #<RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::Has:0x915ebc8>
     # ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:7:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  2) Reservation Fields 
     Failure/Error: it{ should have_fields( :price ).of_type( Float ) }
     NoMethodError:
       undefined method `of_type' for #<RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::Has:0x9423cc8>
     # ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:10:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  3) Reservation Fields 
     Failure/Error: it{ should have_fields( :room ).of_type( String ) }
     NoMethodError:
       undefined method `of_type' for #<RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::Has:0x94d5bbc>
     # ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:11:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  4) Reservation Fields 
     Failure/Error: it{ should have_fields( :until_date ).of_type( Date ) }
     NoMethodError:
       undefined method `of_type' for #<RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::Has:0x952cb60>
     # ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:8:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  5) Reservation Fields 
     Failure/Error: it{ should have_fields( :number_of_persons ).of_type( Integer ) }
     NoMethodError:
       undefined method `of_type' for #<RSpec::Matchers::BuiltIn::Has:0x957bbc0>
     # ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 0.16437 seconds
5 examples, 5 failures

Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:7 # Reservation Fields 
rspec ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:10 # Reservation Fields 
rspec ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:11 # Reservation Fields 
rspec ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:8 # Reservation Fields 
rspec ./spec/models/reservation_spec.rb:9 # Reservation Fields 

Randomized with seed 18738

我安装rails的步骤如下：

• 安装 Ruby 2.0.0。
• 安装 Git。
• 安装 Rails（跟随本页 http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/tutorial/getting-started-with-ruby-on-rails-3/）。
• 安装 MongoDB（跟随本页 http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-windows/）。
• 安装 mongoid（添加到 Gemfile 并使用捆绑安装）。
• 安装 rspec（添加到 Gemfile 并使用捆绑安装）。
• 执行：rails generate rspec:install

我使用的主要文件如下：

宝石文件

source 'https://rubygems.org'
require 'mongo'
source 'http://gemcutter.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0'
gem 'mongo_mapper'

gem "rspec-rails", :group => [:development, :test]
group :test do
  gem 'database_cleaner'
end

gem 'json',         '~> 1.8.0'  # Gem to support json
gem 'haml',         '~> 4.0.3'  # Gem to support haml views

gem 'mongo',        '~> 1.9.1'  # Gem to use mongodb
gem 'mongoid', git: 'https://github.com/mongoid/mongoid.git'

gem 'rake',         '~> 10.1.0' # Gem to use rake (rspec and cucumber)
gem 'cucumber',     '~> 1.3.5'  # Gem to test with cucumber
gem 'capybara',     '~> 2.1.0'  # Gem to use capybara in cucumber tests
gem 'wait_for',     '~> 0.1.1'  # Gem to wait for an apparition in cucumber tests
gem 'factory_girl', '~> 4.2.0'  # Gem to create examples data

group :assets do
  gem 'sass-rails',   '~> 4.0.0'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'
  gem 'uglifier',     '~> 2.1.2'
end

mongoid.yml

development:
  sessions:
    default:
      database: hotel_development
      hosts:
        - localhost:27017
      options:
  options:
test:
  sessions:
    default:
      database: hotel_test
      hosts:
        - localhost:27017
      options:
        consistency: :strong
        max_retries: 1
        retry_interval: 0

mongo.rb

MongoMapper.connection = Mongo::Connection.new('localhost', 27017)
MongoMapper.database = "#myapp-#{Rails.env}"

if defined?(PhusionPassenger)
  PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process) do |forked|
    MongoMapper.connection.connect if forked
  end
end

reservation.rb

class Reservation
  include Mongoid::Document

  field :from_date, type: Date
  field :until_date, type: Date
  field :number_of_persons, type: Integer
  field :price, type: Float
  field :room, type: String

  has_one :client
end

reservations_controller.rb

class ReservationsControlller < ApplicationController
  def show
    @user = User.find( params[:id] )
  end

  def new
    @user = User.new
  end

  def create
    @user = User.new( params[:user] )
    if @user.save
      redirect_to @user
    else
      render 'new'
    end
  end
end

routes.rb

Hotel::Application.routes.draw do
  resources :reservations, only: [:show, :new, :create]
end

reservation_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe Reservation do
  subject{ @reservation }

  describe "Fields" do
    it{ should have_field( :from_date ).of_type( Date ) }
    it{ should have_field( :until_date ).of_type( Date ) }
    it{ should have_field( :number_of_persons ).of_type( Integer ) }
    it{ should have_field( :price ).of_type( Float ) }
    it{ should have_field( :room ).of_type( String ) }
  end
end

如果您需要另一个文件，我可以毫无问题地放置。

提前致谢。

编辑：为预订模型添加了 rspec 测试。 EDIT2：我已经包含了 rspec 测试的输出。

Answer 1

您的ReservationsControlller 类名中有三个ls，这就是为什么Rails 在加载控制器文件时找不到预期的控制器类的原因。至于 rspec 问题，也许您缺少封闭的 describe，但请分享您的规范，以便我们了解发生了什么。

更新：查看您的规范，您已将 subject 设置为 @reservation，但尚未初始化 @reservation，因此其值为 nil。此外，由于您使用类 Reservation 作为外部 describe 的参数，因此在没有 subject 调用的情况下，主题将隐含为 Reservation.new。

至于您现在遇到的错误，我不确定。 of_type 似乎是在 mongoid-rspec 中定义的，您没有明确包括在内，但您没有收到来自 have_fields 的错误，我认为它也是在那里定义的。但是，我没有看到mongoid-rspec 源中定义的have_fields，所以这可能来自其他地方。无论如何，我会尝试添加 gem 看看是否能解决问题。