如何在 Ubuntu 中连接 PostgreSQL

Question

我通过以下命令在我的 Ubuntu 服务器上安装了 PostgreSQL 数据库

sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

但是在这里我不知道如何连接这个 PostgreSQL 数据库以及如何设置它的用户名、密码、主机和端口。因为我将在我的 Rails 项目中使用这个数据库，所以这些东西是必需的。请帮助我设置这个数据库。

数据库.yml：

default: &default
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: 100salons
  username: sallon
  password: 12345
  host: 10.25.25.100
  port: 5432
  pool: 5

development:
  <<: *default
  database: 100salons_dev
  # The specified database role being used to connect to postgres.
  # To create additional roles in postgres see `$ createuser --help`.
  # When left blank, postgres will use the default role. This is
  # the same name as the operating system user that initialized the database.
  #username: 100salons

  # The password associated with the postgres role (username).
  #password:

  # Connect on a TCP socket. Omitted by default since the client uses a
  # domain socket that doesn't need configuration. Windows does not have
  # domain sockets, so uncomment these lines.
  #host: localhost

  # The TCP port the server listens on. Defaults to 5432.
  # If your server runs on a different port number, change accordingly.
  #port: 5432

  # Schema search path. The server defaults to $user,public
  #schema_search_path: myapp,sharedapp,public

  # Minimum log levels, in increasing order:
  #   debug5, debug4, debug3, debug2, debug1,
  #   log, notice, warning, error, fatal, and panic
  # Defaults to warning.
  #min_messages: notice

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  <<: *default
  database: 100salons_test

# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
#
# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
# production deployment.
#
# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
# available as an environment variable. For example:
#
#   DATABASE_URL="postgres://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
#
# You can use this database configuration with:
#
#   production:
#     url: <%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
#
production:
  <<: *default
  database: 100salons_prod

Answer 1

Postgresql 有不同的命令来创建不同版本的密码和用户名。

对于 9.3：

对于创建用户类型命令：

sudo su – postgres ## This will take you to postgres user

createuser  ## To create new user

上面的命令提示符：

Enter name of role to add: newuser
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) y

为新创建的用户类型创建密码：

createuser --pwprompt

对于 9.4：

输入简单的命令：

createuser -P -s -e joe ## joe is username here

这将输出如下：

 Enter password for new role: xyzzy
 Enter it again: xyzzy
 CREATE ROLE joe PASSWORD 'md5b5f5ba1a423792b526f799ae4eb3d59e' SUPERUSER CREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;

你已经完成了。

对于 9.4 文档here。 9.3here

Answer 2

我建议您关注postgres tutorial。

在本教程中，您应该创建一个用户和一个可选的数据库（如果您不这样做，rails 将为您创建数据库）。

端口和用户权限的postgres配置需要在文件夹/etc/postgresql/9.3/main中的文件postgresql.config和pg_hba.conf中完成

验证您是否可以使用pqsl 连接到您的数据库（它是教程的一部分）。 之后，您可以按如下方式配置您的 Rails 应用程序：

文件/your-app-path/config/database.yml:

default: &default
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: utf8
  host: <name/ipAddress of db host or "localhost">
  port: 5432
  username: <your postgres user>
  password: <your postgres user password>

development:
  <<: *default
  database: railsApp_dev

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  <<: *default
  database: railsApp_test

production:
  <<: *default
  database: railsApp_prod

这应该让你开始。

如果您需要更多帮助，请告诉我们

更新：

根据您的评论，我还建议您：

在postgres文件postgresql.config中，调整监听配置为：

# - Connection Settings -

listen_addresses = 'localhost,10.25.25.100'

在 postgres 文件 pg_hba.conf 中，为您的 rails 应用添加正确的网络配置。大概是：

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             10.25.25.100/32            md5

之后，您必须重新启动您的 postgres 服务器。

最后你可以尝试再次运行rake db:create。