【发布时间】:2017-04-03 19:39:55
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试编写一个 jpeg 编码器,并且在创建收集适当 Y、Cb 和 Cr 颜色分量以传递给执行转换的方法的算法时遇到了困难。
据我了解,四种最常见的子采样变体设置如下(我可能会离开这里):
- 4:4:4 - 一个 8x8 像素的 MCU 块,每个像素表示 Y、Cb 和 Cr。
- 4:2:2 - 一个 16x8 像素的 MCU 块,每个像素为 Y,每两个像素为 Cb、Cr
- 4:2:0 - 一个 16x16 像素的 MCU 块,每两个像素为 Y,每四个像素为 Cb、Cr
到目前为止,我发现的 laout 最明确的描述是 here
我不明白的是如何以正确的顺序收集这些组件以作为 8x8 块传递以进行转换和量化。
有人能写一个例子,(我敢肯定,伪代码会很好,C# 更好),如何对字节进行分组以进行转换?
我将包含我正在运行的当前不正确的代码。
/// <summary>
/// Writes the Scan header structure
/// </summary>
/// <param name="image">The image to encode from.</param>
/// <param name="writer">The writer to write to the stream.</param>
private void WriteStartOfScan(ImageBase image, EndianBinaryWriter writer)
{
// Marker
writer.Write(new[] { JpegConstants.Markers.XFF, JpegConstants.Markers.SOS });
// Length (high byte, low byte), must be 6 + 2 * (number of components in scan)
writer.Write((short)0xc); // 12
byte[] sos = {
3, // Number of components in a scan, usually 1 or 3
1, // Component Id Y
0, // DC/AC Huffman table
2, // Component Id Cb
0x11, // DC/AC Huffman table
3, // Component Id Cr
0x11, // DC/AC Huffman table
0, // Ss - Start of spectral selection.
0x3f, // Se - End of spectral selection.
0 // Ah + Ah (Successive approximation bit position high + low)
};
writer.Write(sos);
// Compress and write the pixels
// Buffers for each Y'Cb Cr component
float[] yU = new float[64];
float[] cbU = new float[64];
float[] crU = new float[64];
// The descrete cosine values for each componant.
int[] dcValues = new int[3];
// TODO: Why null?
this.huffmanTable = new HuffmanTable(null);
// TODO: Color output is incorrect after this point.
// I think I've got my looping all wrong.
// For each row
for (int y = 0; y < image.Height; y += 8)
{
// For each column
for (int x = 0; x < image.Width; x += 8)
{
// Convert the 8x8 array to YCbCr
this.RgbToYcbCr(image, yU, cbU, crU, x, y);
// For each component
this.CompressPixels(yU, 0, writer, dcValues);
this.CompressPixels(cbU, 1, writer, dcValues);
this.CompressPixels(crU, 2, writer, dcValues);
}
}
this.huffmanTable.FlushBuffer(writer);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the pixel block from the RGBA colorspace to YCbCr.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="image"></param>
/// <param name="yComponant">The container to house the Y' luma componant within the block.</param>
/// <param name="cbComponant">The container to house the Cb chroma componant within the block.</param>
/// <param name="crComponant">The container to house the Cr chroma componant within the block.</param>
/// <param name="x">The x-position within the image.</param>
/// <param name="y">The y-position within the image.</param>
private void RgbToYcbCr(ImageBase image, float[] yComponant, float[] cbComponant, float[] crComponant, int x, int y)
{
int height = image.Height;
int width = image.Width;
for (int a = 0; a < 8; a++)
{
// Complete with the remaining right and bottom edge pixels.
int py = y + a;
if (py >= height)
{
py = height - 1;
}
for (int b = 0; b < 8; b++)
{
int px = x + b;
if (px >= width)
{
px = width - 1;
}
YCbCr color = image[px, py];
int index = a * 8 + b;
yComponant[index] = color.Y;
cbComponant[index] = color.Cb;
crComponant[index] = color.Cr;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Compress and encodes the pixels.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="componantValues">The current color component values within the image block.</param>
/// <param name="componantIndex">The componant index.</param>
/// <param name="writer">The writer.</param>
/// <param name="dcValues">The descrete cosine values for each componant</param>
private void CompressPixels(float[] componantValues, int componantIndex, EndianBinaryWriter writer, int[] dcValues)
{
// TODO: This should be an option.
byte[] horizontalFactors = JpegConstants.ChromaFourTwoZeroHorizontal;
byte[] verticalFactors = JpegConstants.ChromaFourTwoZeroVertical;
byte[] quantizationTableNumber = { 0, 1, 1 };
int[] dcTableNumber = { 0, 1, 1 };
int[] acTableNumber = { 0, 1, 1 };
for (int y = 0; y < verticalFactors[componantIndex]; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < horizontalFactors[componantIndex]; x++)
{
// TODO: This can probably be combined reducing the array allocation.
float[] dct = this.fdct.FastFDCT(componantValues);
int[] quantizedDct = this.fdct.QuantizeBlock(dct, quantizationTableNumber[componantIndex]);
this.huffmanTable.HuffmanBlockEncoder(writer, quantizedDct, dcValues[componantIndex], dcTableNumber[componantIndex], acTableNumber[componantIndex]);
dcValues[componantIndex] = quantizedDct[0];
}
}
}
这段代码是我在Github上写的一个开源库的一部分
【问题讨论】:
-
您引用的链接有很好的信息,但您误解了它。当有颜色子采样时,MCU 像素大小会发生变化(例如 8x8、16x8、8x16、16x16)。在该 MCU 中,您需要对颜色数据进行适当的二次采样,然后按照文章中显示的顺序将其排列成 8x8 DCT 块(例如 Y0、Y1、Y2、Y3、Cb、Cr)
-
谢谢,我猜了很多。我似乎无法理解如何执行该子采样。 IE。从整个像素阵列中抓取哪些像素以及在我的各个组件阵列中以什么顺序排列它们。