composer why-not 没有帮助 - 为什么我不能安装这个包

Question

我不能在 contao 项目中要求以下包。

$ php composer.phar require -v con4gis/con4gis_forum
Using version ^1.7 for con4gis/con4gis_forum
./composer.json has been updated
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Dependency resolution completed in 0.026 seconds
Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

  Problem 1
    - Conclusion: don't install con4gis/con4gis_forum v1.7.1
    - Installation request for con4gis/con4gis_forum ^1.7 -> satisfiable by con4gis/con4gis_forum[v1.7.0, v1.7.1].
    - con4gis/con4gis_forum v1.7.0 requires con4gis/con4gis_core ~1.7 -> satisfiable by con4gis/con4gis_core[v1.7.0, v1.7.1].
    - con4gis/con4gis_core v1.7.0 requires menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard 3.3.8 -> satisfiable by menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard[3.3.8].
    - con4gis/con4gis_core v1.7.1 requires menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard 3.3.8 -> satisfiable by menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard[3.3.8].
    - Conclusion: don't install menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard 3.3.8


$ php composer.phar why-not menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard
contao-legacy/semantic_html5      1.1.7.9014    requires  contao-legacy/multicolumnwizard (>=3.0.0,<4.0.0-dev)  
metamodels/attribute_alias        2.0.0-alpha2  requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (~3.3)             
metamodels/core                   2.0.0-alpha9  requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (~3.3)             
psi/news4ward                     2.2.3         requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (~3)               
terminal42/contao-changelanguage  3.1.0         requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (^3.3)     

我检查了为什么不打印的所有要求，并且 3.3.8 已经是绿色的，即满足 https://semver.mwl.be/#?package=menatwork%2Fcontao-multicolumnwizard&version=%5E3.3&minimum-stability=stable

发生了什么事？

删除composer.lock 也没有帮助。

Composer 版本是最新稳定版。

作曲家.json

{
    "name": "local/website",
    "description": "A local website project",
    "type": "project",
    "license": "proprietary",
    "require": {
    "cgo-it/news4ward-rateit": "dev-master",
    "contao-legacy/ce_page_teaser": "~1.5",
    "contao-legacy/efg": ">=2.2.1.9005,<2.3-dev",
    "contao-legacy/om_searchkeys": "~1.0",
    "contao-legacy/rocksolid-columns": ">=1.0.6.9006,<1.1-dev",
    "contao-legacy/semantic_html5": ">=1.1.7.9014,<1.2-dev",
    "contao-legacy/survey_ce": "3.0.2.9003",
    "imi/imi_mm_changelanguage": "*",
    "jakeasmith/http_build_url": "^1",
    "madeyourday/contao-rocksolid-columns": ">=1.0.7.0,<1.1-dev",
    "metamodels/bundle_all": "dev-master",
    "phpoffice/phpexcel": "dev-master",
    "psi/news4ward": ">=2.2.3.0,<2.3-dev",
    "psi/news4ward_archive-menu": "2.0.8",
    "psi/news4ward_author-menu": "2.0.2",
    "psi/news4ward_comments": "2.1.0",
    "psi/news4ward_metatitle": "dev-master#d2c09fb47441c05011ddcc5b08e54aae138a8ab7",
    "psi/news4ward_mostread": "2.1.0",
    "psi/news4ward_multicategories": "1.0.5",
    "psi/news4ward_related": "2.1.0",
    "psi/news4ward_tags": "2.1.1",
    "contao-community-alliance/dc-general": "^2.0.0-beta32",
    "querypath/QueryPath": "^3.0",
    "terminal42/contao-changelanguage": "^3.1",
    "contao-community-alliance/composer-client": "~0.14",
    "delahaye/dlh_googlemaps": "^2.2",
    "contao-legacy/inputvar": "1.1.1.9048"
    },
    "prefer-stable": true,
    "minimum-stability": "dev",
    "config": {
    "preferred-install": "dist",
    "cache-dir": "cache",
    "component-dir": "../assets/components"
    },
    "repositories": [
    {
        "type": "artifact",
        "url": "packages"
    },
    {
        "type": "composer",
        "url": "https://legacy-packages-via.contao-community-alliance.org/"
    }
    ],
    "extra": {
    "contao": {
        "migrated": "done"
    }
    }
}

Answer 1

将您的composer.json 复制到本地文件，从中删除artifact 存储库并运行composer install 会导致找不到legacy/survey_ce 3.0.2.9003 的消息。但是，据报道3.0.2.9005 可用，所以我继续。

再次运行composer install 会产生一组可解析的依赖项。再次运行您的composer require 命令会导致您收到相同的错误消息。我想我现在在同一个地方。

运行composer show 以列出所有已安装的软件包，这表明有问题的软件包已安装在版本 3.3.10 中。

menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard               3.3.10             MultiColumWizard for Contao OpenSource CMS

这解释了为什么无法安装依赖项，因为 Composer 通常不会对已安装的包进行降级。但是，它给出的提示并不能真正解释发生了什么。

正如我在评论中提到的，您应该立即尝试彻底检查您的依赖项：

1. 您依赖的是固定版本。检查您是否可以放宽版本号以允许兼容更新。如果库作者声明他们支持语义版本控制，这是最简单的，如果他们声明他们明确不支持它，如果他们还声明如何获取补丁，这也很容易。
2. 您依赖于dev-master 版本。取决于分支会在某些时候破坏你的项目！检查您正在使用的库是否已发布标记版本。检查您当前引用的最接近的版本。将您的依赖项从 dev-master 更改为该版本（包括兼容更新，如第一点所述），然后查看您的项目是否仍然有效。
3. 您还依赖于废弃的版本。您应该将依赖项升级到引用的包 - 但是这绝不保证是一个轻松的转换，可能需要进行一些更改。但这将有助于减少所涉及的软件包数量，因为似乎许多contao-legacy 库都以menatwork 的形式重新发布，并且确实得到了更新。而且这些库应该是可以切换的。