python manage.py createsuperuser 适用于 Mac，但不适用于 windows

Question

我一直在阅读以下链接中的 Django 教程。我已经在 Mac 上完成了这个，但是我在 Windows 10 上遇到了问题：

djangoproject

在教程第 2 部分中，创建新超级用户时失败了。

如果我在 Mac 上运行以下命令，我可以创建一个新的超级用户。当我在 Windows 上运行类似的命令时它会失败。

我尝试在 Windows 上运行以下两个：

source venv/bin/activate
python manage.py createsuperuser

和

.\venv\Scripts\activate
py manage.py createsuperuser

包（pip列表）：

Package     Version
----------- -------
Django      2.2.6
docutils    0.15.2
pip         19.3.1
pycodestyle 2.5.0
pytz        2019.3
setuptools  41.4.0
sqlparse    0.3.0
wheel       0.33.6

存在 db.sqlite3 数据库，据我所知，它具有合理的结构（有很多 Django 特定的表）。

我希望创建一个新的超级用户，但是却得到了这个输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\password_validation.py", line 26, in get_password_validators
    klass = import_string(validator['NAME'])
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\module_loading.py", line 17, in import_string
    module = import_module(module_path)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 965, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation                '

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 61, in execute
    return super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 132, in handle
    validate_password(password2, self.UserModel(**fake_user_data))
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\password_validation.py", line 44, in validate_password
    password_validators = get_default_password_validators()
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\password_validation.py", line 19, in get_default_password_validators
    return get_password_validators(settings.AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS)
  File "C:\Users\Mark\Documents\Development\Python\PYTHON---DJANGO---TUTORIAL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\password_validation.py", line 29, in get_password_validators
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg % validator['NAME'])
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: The module in NAME could not be imported: django.contrib.auth.password_validation                .UserAttributeSimilarityValidator. Check your AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS setting.

Answer 1

正如您所怀疑的那样，problem is in your password validation configuration，您使用反斜杠设置这些行延续的方式。

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation\
                .UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation\
                .MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation\
                .CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation\
                .NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

评估为

[
{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation                .UserAttributeSimilarityValidator'}, 
{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation                .MinimumLengthValidator'}, 
{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation                .CommonPasswordValidator'}, 
{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation                .NumericPasswordValidator'}
]

并且没有 django/contrib/auth/password_validation .py 这样的模块。

如果相同的代码可以在 macOS 上运行，那么……好吧，很奇怪，这可能是文件名规范化的问题，但这仍然是问题所在。

解决方法自然是将其更改为

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator'}, 
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator'}, 
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator'}, 
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator'},
]

或者如果您想要这些行继续，

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation."
        "UserAttributeSimilarityValidator"
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation."
        "MinimumLengthValidator"
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation."
        "CommonPasswordValidator"
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation."
        "NumericPasswordValidator"
    },
]

——也就是说，字符串文字背靠背，隐式连接它们——也是有效的，即使在我看来，可读性较差。