【发布时间】:2018-07-29 01:13:33
【问题描述】:
我想从最基本的感知器算法开始学习神经网络。所以我在 PHP 中实现了一个,在训练它之后我得到了奇怪的结果。所有 4 种可能的输入组合都返回错误或正确的结果(更常见的是错误的结果)。
1) 我的实现是否有问题或者我得到的结果是正常的?
2) 这种实现可以使用超过 2 个输入吗?
3) 在此之后学习神经网络的下一个(最简单的)步骤是什么?也许添加更多的神经元,改变激活函数,或者......?
附:我数学很差,不一定100%理解感知器背后的数学,至少不是训练部分。
感知器类
<?php
namespace Perceptron;
class Perceptron
{
// Number of inputs
protected $n;
protected $weights = [];
protected $bias;
public function __construct(int $n)
{
$this->n = $n;
// Generate random weights for each input
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
$w = mt_rand(-100, 100) / 100;
array_push($this->weights, $w);
}
// Generate a random bias
$this->bias = mt_rand(-100, 100) / 100;
}
public function sum(array $inputs)
{
$sum = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < $this->n; $i++) {
$sum += ($inputs[$i] * $this->weights[$i]);
}
return $sum + $this->bias;
}
public function activationFunction(float $sum)
{
return $sum < 0.0 ? 0 : 1;
}
public function predict(array $inputs)
{
$sum = $this->sum($inputs);
return $this->activationFunction($sum);
}
public function train(array $trainingSet, float $learningRate)
{
foreach ($trainingSet as $row) {
$inputs = array_slice($row, 0, $this->n);
$correctOutput = $row[$this->n];
$output = $this->predict($inputs);
$error = $correctOutput - $output;
// Adjusting the weights
$this->weights[0] = $this->weights[0] + ($learningRate * $error);
for ($i = 0; $i < $this->n - 1; $i++) {
$this->weights[$i + 1] =
$this->weights[$i] + ($learningRate * $inputs[$i] * $error);
}
}
// Adjusting the bias
$this->bias += ($learningRate * $error);
}
}
主文件
<?php
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';
use Perceptron\Perceptron;
// Create a new perceptron with 2 inputs
$perceptron = new Perceptron(2);
// Test the perceptron
echo "Before training:\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([0, 0]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 0 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([0, 1]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 0 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([1, 0]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 0 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([1, 1]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 1 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
// Train the perceptron
$trainingSet = [
// The 3rd column is the correct output
[0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[1, 0, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
];
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
$perceptron->train($trainingSet, 0.1);
}
// Test the perceptron again - now the results should be correct
echo "\nAfter training:\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([0, 0]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 0 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([0, 1]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 0 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([1, 0]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 0 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
$output = $perceptron->predict([1, 1]);
echo "{$output} - " . ($output == 1 ? 'correct' : 'nope') . "\n";
【问题讨论】:
标签: php neural-network perceptron