如何标记命名实体以准备训练数据以使用 spacy 进行自定义命名实体识别？

Question

我想在我的自定义数据集上训练 spacy 命名实体识别器。我已经准备了一个 Python 字典，其中包含 key = entity_type 和值列表 = 实体名称，但我没有任何方法可以用正确的格式标记标记。

我尝试了正常的字符串匹配（查找）和正则表达式（搜索，编译），但没有得到我想要的。

例如：我的句子和我正在使用的字典是（这是示例）

sentence = "Machine learning and data mining often employ the same methods
and overlap significantly."

dic = {'MLDM': ['machine learning and data mining'], 'ML': ['machine learning'],
 'DM': ['data mining']}

for k,v in dic.items():
  for val in v:
    if val in sentence:
      print(k, val, sentence.index(val)) #right now I'm just printing 
#the key, val and starting index

output:
MLDM machine learning and data mining 0
ML machine learning 0
DM data mining 21

expected output: MLDM 0 32

so I can further prepare training data to train Spacy NER : 
[{"content":"machine learning and data mining often employ the same methods 
and overlap significantly.","entities":[[0,32,"MLDM"]]}

Answer 1

您可以从dic 中的所有值构建一个正则表达式，以将它们作为整个单词进行匹配，并在匹配时获取与匹配值关联的键。我假设值项在字典中是唯一的，它们可以包含空格并且仅包含“单词”字符（没有特殊字符，例如 + 或 (）。

import re

sentence = "Machine learning and data mining often employ the same methods and overlap significantly."

dic = {'MLDM': ['machine learning and data mining'], 'ML': ['machine learning'],
 'DM': ['data mining']}

def get_key(val):
    for k,v in dic.items():
        if m.group().lower() in map(str.lower, v):
            return k
    return ''

# Flatten the lists in values and sort the list by length in descending order
l=sorted([v for x in dic.values() for v in x], key=len, reverse=True)
# Build the alternation based regex with \b to match each item as a whole word 
rx=r'\b(?:{})\b'.format("|".join(l))
for m in re.finditer(rx, sentence, re.I): # Search case insensitively
    key = get_key(m.group())
    if key:
        print("{} {}".format(key, m.start()))

见Python demo