Python 读取和写入 .txt 文件答案

【问题标题】：Python reading and writing to a .txt filePython 读取和写入 .txt 文件
【发布时间】：2017-03-17 14:08:26
【问题描述】：

我需要从 babynames2014.txt 文件中读取名字，然后创建两个新文件，将男孩和女孩的名字分开。生成的文件应称为boynames2014.txt 和girlnames.txt。 babynames2014.txt 文件如下所示：

1 诺亚·艾玛

2 利亚姆·奥利维亚

3 梅森·索菲亚

4 雅各布·伊莎贝拉

并继续直到达到 100 个男孩和女孩的名字。到目前为止，我编写的代码创建了两个新的文本文件，但 boynames2014 不包含任何内容，而 girlnames2014 仅包含名称 Noah 和前面的数字 1，如下所示：1Noah。

我认为我需要使用readline() 和line.split() 在某个地方，我只是不确定在哪里以及如何正确使用它们。如果找不到 babynames2014.txt 文件，我还需要使用 try/except 块来处理异常。

    infile = open("babynames2014.txt", "r")    
    outfile = open("boynames2014.txt", "w")
    outfile = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")


    line = infile.readline()
    datafield = line.split()
    boyname2014 = datafield[0]
    girlname2014 = datafield[1]
    outfile.write(boyname2014)
    outfile.write(girlname2014)


    infile.close()
    outfile.close()

我只学习了 2-3 个月的 Python，非常感谢任何可以帮助我了解更多信息的建议！

【问题讨论】：

好吧，您没有得到您期望的结果的原因很少，我们可以提供帮助！给一个babynames2014.txt的样例。编辑：我刚刚注意到你有一个样本。

标签： python

【解决方案1】：

我注意到一件事在逻辑上是不正确的，即 outfile 同时适用于 boynames2014.txt 和 girlnames2014.txt

你应该这样做的。

infile = open("babynames2014.txt", "r")    
outfile_boys = open("boynames2014.txt", "w")
outfile_girls = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")

然后，您必须读取 infile 并按新行拆分所需数据，如下所示。

lines = infile.read().split("\n")

然后遍历下面的行并按空格分隔（默认）。

for line in lines:
    datafield = line.split()
    boyname2014 = datafield[1]
    girlname2014 = datafield[2]
    outfile_boys.write(boyname2014 + '\n')
    outfile_girls.write(girlname2014 + '\n')

我为数据字段选择了 1 和 2 索引，因为您的文件包含如下数据：

1 boy_name girl_name

按空间分割将 boy_name 传递到第一个索引 和 girl_name 到第二个索引

然后照常关闭文件。

infile.close()
outfile_boys.close()
outfile_girls.close()

希望对你有帮助！

【讨论】：

非常感谢！非常感谢您解释了所有内容，这确实有助于我更好地理解！
乐于帮助@Andrew N.

【解决方案2】：

您需要为输出文件提供单独的指针。

`
infile = open("babynames2014.txt", "r")
outfileboy = open("boynames2014.txt", "w")
outfilegirl = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")
for line in infile.readlines():
    names = line.split(" ")
    outfileboy.write(str(names[1]+"\n")
    outfilegirl.write(str(names[2]+"\n")

outfileboy.close()
outfilegirl.close()

`

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

    outfile1 = open("boynames2014.txt", "w")
    outfile2 = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")
    with open('babynames2014.txt') as infile:
        for line in infile:
            datafield = line.split()
            boyname2014 = datafield[0]
            girlname2014 = datafield[1]
            outfile1.write(boyname2014)
            outfile2.write(girlname2014)
    outfile1.close()
    outfile2.close()

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

readline() 只读取一行（顾名思义）所以只有第一行被读取（1 Noah Emma）

要读取所有行并将它们拆分并将它们写入文件尝试：

# use two different names for the files
# you had one name `outfile` which was being 
# overwritten so tht why boy file was empty

infile = open("babynames2014.txt", "r") 
boyfile = open("boynames2014.txt", "w") 
girlfile = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")

with open('babynames2014', 'r') as f:
    for l in f.readlines(): # notice readlines instead of readline
        _, boy, girl = l.split() # assumes the separator is a space
        print(boy, file=boyfile)
        print(girl, file=girlfile)

# don't forget to close your file desciptors
boyfile.close()
girlfile.close()

【讨论】：

【解决方案5】：

给你，

#! /usr/bin/python
import sys

boy_file = str(sys.argv[1])
girl_file = str(sys.argv[2])

all_records = [line.strip() for line in open('babynames2014', 'r')]

f1 = open(boy_file, "w")
f2 = open(girl_file, "w")

for record in all_records:
        split_record = record.split(' ')
        boy_name = split_record[1]
        girl_name = split_record[2]

        f1.write(boy_name+"\n")
        f2.write(girl_name+"\n")


f1.close()
f2.close()

【讨论】：

【解决方案6】：

您为两个输出文件指定了相同的变量名。 outfile.

    infile = open("babynames2014.txt", "r")    
    outfileb = open("boynames2014.txt", "w")
    outfileg = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")


    line = infile.readline()
    datafield = line.split()
    boyname2014 = datafield[0]
    girlname2014 = datafield[1]
    outfileb.write(boyname2014)
    outfileg.write(girlname2014)


    infile.close()
    outfileb.close()
    outfileg.close()

并且您需要遍历输入文件以获取所有名称。您可以使用''.join([i for i in s if not i.isdigit()]) 删除名称中的数字。

    infile = open("babynames2014.txt", "r")    
    outfileb = open("boynames2014.txt", "w")
    outfileg = open("girlnames2014.txt", "w")


    tmp = infile.readline()
    line=''.join([i for i in tmp if not i.isdigit()])
    datafield = line.split()
    boyname2014 = datafield[0]
    girlname2014 = datafield[1]
    outfileb.write(boyname2014)
    outfileg.write(girlname2014)


    infile.close()
    outfileb.close()
    outfileg.close()

【讨论】：

您的代码仍然不正确，因为您对两个文件都使用了outfile！

【解决方案7】：

想要考虑正则表达式解决方案吗？

with open("babynames2014.txt", "r") as f1,open("boynames2014.txt", "w") as boys,open("girlnames2014.txt","w") as girls:
    # Note this will not work for name which has speacial charecters like `-,$,etc`
    boy_regex = re.compile(r"^\d\s?([a-zA-z0-9]+)\s[a-zA-z0-9]+$",re.MULTILINE)
    girl_regex = re.compile(r"^\d\s?[a-zA-z0-9]+\s([a-zA-z0-9]+)$",re.MULTILINE)
    boys.write('\n'.join(boy_regex.findall(f1.read())))
    girls.write('\n'.join(girl_regex.findall(f1.read())))

【讨论】：