Unity继承创建成员变量的副本

Question

我正在尝试通过使用继承来最小化我的项目中的重复代码量。

例如：

我游戏中的每个角色，无论是玩家、敌人还是 NPC，都有一个成员字段 HP。

它们都具有影响HP的TakeDamage功能。

在我的游戏中，这个功能非常精细，可以比较攻击者的属性、攻击武器的属性与被攻击者的属性和他们的装备。

这个功能经常调整以获得它，所以感觉不错，我不希望它在 npc、敌人和玩家控制器上重复，让我们想象一下有一天“networkPlayer”，因为嘿，一个人可以梦想！

还有更多类似的功能也是相同的，我真的很想将它们全部放在一个 CharacterController 类中，PlayerController、EnemyController 等都从该类继承。

好的，那么，这是继承的正确用法吗？

这里还有第二层。

我的玩家、敌人和 npc 都是从在线数据库构建的，该数据库会随着新敌人和玩家的添加而变化。

所以我有一个 CharacterBase 类，它在 HP、Stats、Name 等字符之间构建共享变量...

还有像 EnemyBase 这样的派生类（从 Character base 继承 name、hp、stats），但在这个类上扩展了它自己的变量，如 Rarety、MaxGoldHeMayCarry、XPGainedIfYouKillMe 等......

现在的问题是：

扩展 CharacterBase 的 EnemyBase 有两份HP！ 在检查器中，它显示为 CharacterBase->HP 和 EnemyBase->HP

当我打电话时 CharacterController.HP 减一 它从 CharcterBase HP 中减去 1 但是有这个未动过的 EnemyBase HP！

这真的很罗嗦。对不起。下面是一些测试代码来演示

public class TestingInheritance : MonoBehaviour
{
    // set this to an empty prefab in the inspector
    public GameObject TestObjectPrefab;

    private void Start()
    {
        GameObject TestPlayer = Instantiate(TestObjectPrefab);

        PlayerController pController = TestPlayer.AddComponent<PlayerController>();
        pController.TakeDamage();   //calls the overridden version of TakeDamage() (which is good)


        GameObject TestEnemy = Instantiate(TestObjectPrefab);

        EnemyController eController = TestEnemy.AddComponent<EnemyController>();
        eController.TakeDamage();   //calls the overrideden version in EnemyController (which is good)

    }
}

[System.Serializable]   //comes from db
public class CharacterBase
{
    public int HP=100;
}

[System.Serializable]   //comes from db
public class Enemy : CharacterBase
{
    public string Name = "Enemy";
}

[System.Serializable]   //comes from db
public class Player : CharacterBase
{
    public string Name = "Player";
}

public class CharacterController : MonoBehaviour
{

    //I want to be able to access the variables that all characters share in common, such as HP, Name, Stats, Inventory
    public CharacterBase characterBase = new CharacterBase();

    /// <summary>
    /// Reduces HP by 1
    /// TakeDamage() in my real game is actually much more complicated and I dont want to duplicate the code in Enemy, Player, and NPC 
    /// there are many more functions that I want to be able to call for any kind of character such as UseItem(potion), ChangeState(poisoned), Die()
    /// All these functions share a ton of the same code and I dont want to duplicate it, especially because it changes often during my development
    /// </summary>
    public virtual void TakeDamage()
    {
        //here we just loose one hp
        characterBase.HP -= 1;
    }

}

public class PlayerController : CharacterController
{
    public Player playerBase = new Player();

    public override void TakeDamage()
    {
        //do the code that is shared for all Characters
        base.TakeDamage();

        Debug.Log(playerBase.Name + " was hit!--- HP now: " + playerBase.HP);
        //Prints Player was hit! --- HP now: 100 and the inspector shows CharacterBase >> HP 99 AND PlayerBase >> HP: 100, Name: Player

        //IF WE CHANGE THE ABOVE LINE TO SAY
        Debug.Log(playerBase.Name + " was hit!--- HP now: " + characterBase.HP); 
        //Now we print 99, which is good. but we still have both CharacterBase >> HP 99
        //AND the Wrong, ugly, bad, confusing PlayerBase >> HP: 100

    }
}


public class EnemyController : CharacterController
{
    public Enemy enemyBase = new Enemy();

    public override void TakeDamage()
    {
        base.TakeDamage();
        Debug.Log(enemyBase.Name + " was hit! --- HP now: " + enemyBase.HP);
        //Prints Enemy was hit! --- HP now: 100 and the inspector shows CharacterBase >> HP 99 AND EnemyBase >> HP: 100, Name: Enemy
    }
}

那么，我该如何重构它，让它只有一个变量 HP，CharacterController 和 PlayerController 都可以访问？

抱歉，写了这么久，还有人在看吗？我不知道如何使这个更简洁......

Answer 1

为什么会在这里？

public CharacterBase characterBase = new CharacterBase();

从它继承的所有类都将与其自己的代码分开调用它，（例如public Enemy enemyBase = new Enemy();）。

这就是为什么你会看到两者。结果，每个控制器都有两个单独的统计数据。如果你想能够访问它，你需要在角色控制器中创建一个get 方法：

public CharacterBase stats { get; protected set; }

然后在它的子类中用一个值填充该字段。

Answer 2

感谢 Draco18s 你的回答使它工作。

为了避免重复字段，我们肯定需要去掉：

public CharacterBase characterBase = new CharacterBase();

但我们仍然需要对 characterBase 的引用，所以我添加了：

    protected CharacterBase characterBase;
    public void Init(CharacterBase _characterBase)
    {
        characterBase = _characterBase;
    }

现在 Start() 看起来像这样

private void Start()
    {
        GameObject TestPlayer = Instantiate(TestObjectPrefab);
        TestPlayer.name = "p";

        PlayerController pController = TestPlayer.AddComponent<PlayerController>();
        pController.Init(pController.playerBase);
        pController.TakeDamage();  
    }

就是这样！！不再有重复的字段！并在 Debug.Log 中正确输出 - 谢谢各位！