如何在oracle中找到所有外键约束？

Question

在 StackOverflow 中，我可以找到关于 how to find all foreign key constraints in SQL Server 的帖子。

我只能找到关于如何在 Oralce (List of foreign keys and the tables they reference) 中查找表的所有外键约束的帖子。

我的问题是：如何列出所有表的所有外键约束，而不是 Oracle 中的表。我希望得到的答案类似于this one，但对于 Oracle。

附：我用的是oralce 11g express版。我的 oracle GUI 管理工具是 Orace SQL developer。

Answer 1

我会那样做；

如果您希望它与同一行上的所有列聚合

select distinct c1.owner, c1.table_name, c1.constraint_name, c2.owner, c2.table_name, 
listagg(c2.column_name,',') WITHIN GROUP ( ORDER BY C2.POSITION) OVER ( PARTITION BY c1.owner, c1.table_name, c1.constraint_name, c2.owner, c2.table_name ) column_list
from dba_constraints c1
JOIN dba_cons_columns c2
ON c1.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME=C2.CONSTRAINT_NAME and c1.r_owner=c2.owner
where C1.constraint_type = 'R'

如果你希望每列有一行，也可以这样

select  c1.owner, c1.table_name, c1.constraint_name, c2.owner, c2.table_name, c2.column_name
from dba_constraints c1
JOIN dba_cons_columns c2
ON c1.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME=C2.CONSTRAINT_NAME and c1.r_owner=c2.owner
where C1.constraint_type = 'R'
order by c1.owner, c1.table_name, c1.constraint_name, c2.position

或者如果您想要引用列详细信息和引用列详细信息

with constraint_colum_list as ( select owner, table_name, constraint_name, listagg(column_name,',') WITHIN GROUP ( order by position ) as column_list
                                FROM DBA_CONS_COLUMNS GROUP BY owner, table_name, constraint_name )
select distinct c1.owner, c1.table_name, c1.constraint_name, c2.column_list, c3.owner, c3.table_name, c3.constraint_name, c3.column_list
from DBA_constraints c1
JOIN constraint_colum_list c2 ON c1.CONSTRAINT_NAME=C2.CONSTRAINT_NAME and c1.owner=c2.owner
JOIN constraint_colum_list c3 ON C1.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME=C3.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND C1.R_OWNER=C3.owner
where C1.constraint_type = 'R' 
-- AND c1.owner = 'YOUR_SCHEMA';

Answer 2

此答案基于 LauDec 的解决方案。

由于我只需要我/用户指定的所有外键约束，所以我将使用以下 SQL：

with constraint_colum_list as ( select owner, table_name, constraint_name, listagg(column_name,',') WITHIN GROUP ( order by position ) as column_list
                                FROM USER_CONS_COLUMNS GROUP BY owner, table_name, constraint_name )
select distinct c1.owner, c1.table_name, c1.constraint_name, c2.column_list, c3.owner, c3.table_name, c3.constraint_name, c3.column_list
from USER_CONSTRAINTS c1
JOIN constraint_colum_list c2 ON c1.CONSTRAINT_NAME=C2.CONSTRAINT_NAME and c1.owner=c2.owner
JOIN constraint_colum_list c3 ON C1.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME=C3.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND C1.R_OWNER=C3.owner
where C1.constraint_type = 'R'; 

Answer 3

不要在 where 条件中使用表名，您将获得所有表的 FK 约束。

SELECT A.TABLE_NAME,
       A.COLUMN_NAME,
       A.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 
       C.OWNER
FROM   ALL_CONS_COLUMNS A, 
       ALL_CONSTRAINTS C  
WHERE  A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
AND    C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'R'
AND    C.OWNER = 'MyDBLoginName';

Answer 4

下面的查询给出了父表和子表的表名、列名以及每个表的约束名称。

select a.table_name child_table, a.column_name child_column, b.table_name parent_table, b.column_name parent_column, a.position, a.constraint_name child_constraint, b.constraint_name parent_constraint
from all_cons_columns a
join all_constraints lc on a.owner = lc.owner and a.constraint_name = lc.constraint_name
join all_constraints rc on lc.r_owner = rc.owner and lc.r_constraint_name = rc.constraint_name 
join all_cons_columns b on rc.owner = b.owner and rc.constraint_name = b.constraint_name and a.position = b.position
where a.owner = '<Schema Name>'
and lc.constraint_type = 'R'
order by a.constraint_name, a.table_name, a.position

以下是上述 SQL 中使用的表的简要说明：

• all_constraints - 有约束名，表名，FK 父表的约束名。此表中的 Constraint_type 字段 定义约束类型，定义外键约束 通过“R”。
• all_cons_columns - 具有每个约束的列名列表，此表中的位置列定义了
  列在约束中。