为什么这个base64字符串在线解码而不是本地解码答案

【问题标题】：Why does this base64 string decode online and not locally为什么这个base64字符串在线解码而不是本地解码
【发布时间】：2018-11-11 05:23:11
【问题描述】：

我有一个 base64 编码的 JWT，它在 jwt.io 和 base64decode.org 上解码，但在我的 OSX 而不是我的 Linux 机器上使用 base64 命令不解码（运行 echo {the string} | grep base64 --decode。我有不知道为什么，这是字符串：

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhY2NvdW50IjoiNTgzZDQzZTItY2Q2ZC00YzBjLTlkNTItMmE4ZmNlY2Y2ZTVmIiwiYWNjb3VudFJvbGVzIjpbIk9PU19QRVJTT05fUkVNQVJLU19FRElUT1IiLCJBV1MtQVJUQVBQLUFETUlOIiwiT09TX1BFUlNPTl9ET0NVTUVOVFNfUkVBREVSX05PTl9NRURJQ0FMIiwiQVdTLVZFU1NFTExPQURJTkctQURNSU4iLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JFTUFSS1NfUkVBREVSX1NBTEFSWSIsIlZQTlVTRVI5IiwiT09TX0NIRUNLTElTVF9BRE1JTiIsIkFXUy1QUk9ELUFETUlOIiwiQ09OQ09VUlNFLkNJIiwiT09TX1BPUlRfQ09NTUVOVFNfRURJVE9SIiwiT09TX1BFUlNPTl9FRElUT1JfU0VSVklDRSIsIk9PU19WRVNTRUxfUkVTUE9OU0lCSUxJVElFU19FRElUT1IiLCJNQU5BR0VEIERBVEFCQVNFUyIsIlZQTlVTRVIxMCIsIk9PU19QT1JUX01ZX0NPTU1FTlRTX0RFTEVUT1IiLCJPT1NfV09SS0ZMT1dfVVNFUiIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fRURJVE9SIiwiQVdTLVNBTkRCT1gtQURNSU4iLCJPT1NfU1VQRVJfVVNFUiIsIlZQTlVTRVI1IiwiT09TX1ZFU1NFTF9JVElORVJBUllfUkVBREVSIiwiT09TX1BFUlNPTl9SRUFERVJfQkFDS0dST1VORCIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fTUVESUNBTF9FRElUT1IiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX0RFTEVUT1IiLCJPT1NfSU5TUEVDVElPTl9TQ0hFRFVMRV9ERUxFVE9SIiwiT09TX1BFUlNPTl9SRUFERVJfU0VSVklDRSIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fRE9DVU1FTlRTX0VESVRPUiIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fRE9DVU1FTlRTX0RFTEVUT1IiLCJWUE5VU0VSMiIsIk9PU19QT1JUX0NPTU1FTlRTX0RFTEVUT1IiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JFTUFSS1NfUkVBREVSX1BFUlNPTkFMIiwiT09TX1BPUlRfTVlfQ09NTUVOVFNfRURJVE9SIiwiT09TX1RFTVBMQVRFX0xJQlJBUllfRURJVE9SIiwiQVdTLVRFU1QtQURNSU5AOTBQT0UuSU8iLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX0RPQ1VNRU5UU19ET1dOTE9BREVSX01FRElDQUwiLCJJTlNQRUNUSU9OX1RFTVBMQVRFIiwiVlBOVVNFUjgiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JBTktfQVZBSUxBQklMSVRZX0VESVRPUiIsIlZQTlVTRVI0IiwiVlBOVVNFUjEiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX01FRElDQUxfREVMRVRPUiIsIlZQTlVTRVIzIiwiQVdTLUlBTS1BRE1JTiIsIkFXUy1BUlRBUFAtUFJPRC1BRE1JTiIsIk9PU19GTEVFVF9QRVJGT1JNQU5DRSIsIk9PU19JTlNQRUNUSU9OX1NDSEVEVUxFX1JFQURFUiIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fRE9DVU1FTlRTX0RPV05MT0FERVJfTk9OX01FRElDQUwiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX0RPQ1VNRU5UU19SRUFERVJfTUVESUNBTCIsIk9PU19QT1JUX0lORk9fUkVBREVSIiwiVlBOVVNFUjYiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JFTUFSS1NfUkVBREVSX01FRElDQUwiLCJBV1MtREVWLUFETUlOIiwiQVdTLVRPT0xTLUFETUlOIiwiQVdTLUJJTExJTkctQURNSU4iLCJJTlNQRUNUSU9OX1RFTVBMQVRFX0lURU0iLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JFTUFSS1NfREVMRVRPUiIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fUkVBREVSX1NVTU1BUlkiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JFQURFUl9QSFlTSUNBTCIsIk9PU19XT1JLRkxPV19FRElUT1IiLCJPT1NfVEVNUExBVEVfTElCUkFSWV9SRUFERVIiLCJBUFBST0FDSF9JTkZPX0VESVRPUiIsIk9PU19URU1QTEFURV9MSUJSQVJZX0RFTEVUT1IiLCJBV1MtU1RHLUFETUlOIiwiT09TX1BFUlNPTl9SRU1BUktTX1JFQURFUl9UUkFWRUwiLCJPT1NfTUFOTklOR19BR0VOVF9WQVJOQSIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fUkVBREVSX0NPTlRBQ1QiLCJPT1NfUEVSU09OX1JFQURFUl9ORVhUT0ZLSU4iLCJPT1NfSU5TUEVDVElPTl9TQ0hFRFVMRV9FRElUT1IiLCJFVkVSWU9ORSIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fUkVBREVSX0ZBTUlMWSIsIk9PU19QRVJTT05fUkVNQVJLU19SRUFERVJfRElTQ0lQTElOQVJZIl0sImFwcGxpY2F0aW9uIjoiT09TIiwiY29udGV4dCI6Ik1BTk5JTkdfT0ZGSUNFOjEyOWQxNjAzLWFhZTktNDQ1NC04OWRjLWI4NzFhMGNmNGJhMCIsImV4cCI6MTU0MTc3Njg3OCwiaWF0IjoxNTQxNzc2Mjc4LCJpc3MiOiIiLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6WyJJTlNQRUNUSU9OX1NDSEVEVUxFOkRMUlVDIiwiUEVSU09OX1JFTUFSS1NfU0FMQVJZOkNMUlVEIiwiUEVSU09OX0RPQ1VNRU5UU19DRVJUSUZJQ0FURVM6TFJDTlVEIiwiUEVSU09OOkxSQ1VEIiwiUEVSU09OX05FWFRPRktJTjpDTFJVRCIsIlBFUlNPTl9SRU1BUktTX01FRElDQUw6Q0xSVUQiLCJQRVJTT05fRE9DVU1FTlRTX0xJQ0VOU0U6TFJDTlVEIiwiUEVSU09OX0ZBTUlMWTpDTFJVRCIsIlBPUlRfSU5GT19BUFBST0FDSDpMUlVDIiwiSU5TUEVDVElPTl9URU1QTEFURTpMUlVDRCIsIklOU1BFQ1RJT05fVEVNUExBVEVfSVRFTTpMUlVDRCIsIlBMQVRGT1JNX1JFTUFSS1M6TFJVQ0QiLCJQTEFURk9STV9XT1JLRkxPV19ERUZJTklUSU9OOkNVIiwiVkVTU0VMX0lUSU5FUkFSWTpMUiIsIlBPUlRfQ09NTUVOVFM6TFJVQ0QiLCJQRVJTT05fUkFOS19BVkFJTEFCSUxJVFk6TFJDVUQiLCJQRVJTT05fQkFDS0dST1VORDpDTFJVRCIsIkZMRUVUX1BFUkZPUk1BTkNFOkxSIiwiUEVSU09OX1NFUlZJQ0U6TFJVQ0QiLCJQRVJTT05fQ09OVEFDVDpDTFJVRCIsIlBMQVRGT1JNX0RPQ1VNRU5UUzpMUlVDTkQiLCJQRVJTT05fUEhZU0lDQUw6Q0xSVUQiLCJQRVJTT05fUkVNQVJLU19QRVJTT05BTDpDTFJVRCIsIlBMQVRGT1JNX1dPUktGTE9XX0lOU1RBTkNFOkNVIiwiUEVSU09OX0RPQ1VNRU5UU19NRURJQ0FMOkxSVUNORCIsIlBFUlNPTl9SRU1BUktTX1RSQVZFTDpMUiIsIlBFUlNPTl9SRU1BUktTX0RJU0NJUExJTkFSWTpDTFJVRCIsIlBPUlRfTVlfQ09NTUVOVFM6TFJVQ0QiLCJQT1JUX0lORk86TFIiLCJWRVNTRUxfUkVTUE9OU0lCSUxJVElFUzpMUlVDIl0sInVzZXJJZCI6ImYxYzU3ZTRiLWEwZmEtNGJhZS04NWM4LTMzMzE1YWE4ZjJlZCJ9.NJ9jflW7Hk_RLL8X7olwvxeSl6bdeO783_iOkLegBcocZCP-0szh3kZ45gG3WAGN6O2KERuyg7lVGz1b5PT7CpaOyBGTGMYZDN6H6mqqs4EUidS10OV7191rYxLy0xh5axdw4O9Oci3fUL8U8ueO0AUNVomb_Tdw-3Ncgi7e35wmxv-PZiPe6fs_1aldy3BCCs4nZxV6cu8DeOmBRYuSC8qzYwmwZvWAlj_JAOOOT_1xvG8zQ6YUGPrNreADKZhVnbksjfGBee3fE3GjcFK8Sd1dbwap2hcw0n-FX-2PPK2IqLLeEdrOK1KcaxwHSfCupPGvXQa9ga03GMRhyd95Q9uZ6nSt2UijMEglCCQzSMKMQykriBsAD3_gQ375UnrXwzFdo6qfBWrNiBOuQiHN2E5XqMpRk1GYBH1K1cf8wp1ninGX4kJP6jbIGkAwNlsE0sLeXifUV0SLBHwEEFreq6BjLyXrWnmhXUPMoQOa-07zwx5iypwSSSr_o6x2xsEjKtJWA6kau_uArEfS7fYpTqKrOpZhPMZyrk5LojLgAnsPEgoDmm0PxMDDPaDSExXGwwDDumOw5UDrgoSp6Holt0XJ9sV1N2Jy7uoKCT6268ovIHOwjsrAKugNJAfGRYuxAzT9Dr5R3wxxZxw571yLAxitA_5fZeejgqZqrZ1MaII

【问题讨论】：

标签： base64 jwt

【解决方案1】：

我认为问题在于您试图一次解码完整的 JWT。 JWT specification 表示 JWT 是三个 . 分隔的 base64 编码片段。

如果您将字符串拆分为两个点，则三个部分中的每一个都使用标准命令行工具进行解码。较早的海报是正确的，下划线和连字符在纯 base64 编码中无效，但有一些变体，有些确实允许这些字符，所以只要你遵循一致的策略，这些字符就可以了。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

您所拥有的不是正确编码的 base64。里面有句号、下划线和连字符。

我能够清理你的字符串 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

在https://www.developertoolkits.com/base64/decoder 中解码得很好

【讨论】：

有趣。你是手动清理的吗？如果原始字符串未正确进行base64编码，您知道为什么base64decode.org和jwt.io可以成功解码吗？
是的，我在视觉上只是删除了无效字符。不知道为什么其他站点对其进行解码。他们将数据发布到他们的服务器。大概他们在解码之前去掉了无效的 base64 字符。