如何在不使用 Storyboard 的情况下创建新的 Swift 项目？

Question

在 XCode 6 中创建新项目不允许禁用 Storyboard。您只能选择 Swift 或 Objective-C 并使用或不使用 Core Data。

我尝试删除情节提要并从项目中删除主情节提要并从 didFinishLaunching 手动设置窗口

在 AppDelegate 我有这个：

class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

var window: UIWindow
var testNavigationController: UINavigationController

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {

        testNavigationController = UINavigationController()
        var testViewController: UIViewController = UIViewController()
        self.testNavigationController.pushViewController(testViewController, animated: false)

        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

        self.window.rootViewController = testNavigationController

        self.window.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

        self.window.makeKeyAndVisible()

        return true
    }
}

但是，XCode 给了我一个错误：

“AppDelegate”类没有初始化器

有人成功了吗？

Answer 1

rootViewController 不使用情节提要：

1· 将AppDelegate.swift改为：

import UIKit

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

    var window: UIWindow?

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey : Any]? = nil) -> Bool {
        window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
        if let window = window {
            window.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
            window.rootViewController = ViewController()
            window.makeKeyAndVisible()
        }
        return true
    }
}

2· 创建UIViewController 的ViewController 子类：

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
    }
}

3· 如果您从 Xcode 模板创建项目：

1. 从 Info.plist 中删除键 "Main storyboard file base name" 的键值对。
2. 删除情节提要文件Main.storyboard。

正如您在第一个代码 sn-p 中看到的那样，我更喜欢 if let 语法来解开可选的 window 属性，而不是隐式展开可选属性。在这里，我像if let a = a { } 一样使用它，以便可选的a 成为if 语句中具有相同名称的非可选引用-a。

最后self. 在它自己的类中引用window 属性时是不必要的。

Answer 2

您必须将window 和testNavigationController 变量标记为可选：

var window : UIWindow?
var testNavigationController : UINavigationController?

Swift 类需要在实例化期间初始化非可选属性：

在创建该类或结构的实例时，类和结构必须将其所有存储的属性设置为适当的初始值。存储的属性不能处于不确定状态。

可选类型的属性会自动使用 nil 值进行初始化，这表明该属性在初始化期间故意设置为“还没有值”。

使用可选变量时，记得用!解包，如：

self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor();

Answer 3

如果你想用 xib 初始化你的 viewController 并且需要使用导航控制器。这是一段代码。

var window: UIWindow?
var navController:UINavigationController?
var viewController:ViewController?

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
    window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

    viewController = ViewController(nibName: "ViewController", bundle: nil);
    navController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: viewController!);

    window?.rootViewController = navController;
    window?.makeKeyAndVisible()

    return true
}

Answer 4

试试下面的代码：

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
    self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

    // Create a nav/vc pair using the custom ViewController class

    let nav = UINavigationController()
    let vc = NextViewController ( nibName:"NextViewController", bundle: nil)

    // Push the vc onto the nav
    nav.pushViewController(vc, animated: false)

    // Set the window’s root view controller
    self.window!.rootViewController = nav

    // Present the window
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true

}

Answer 5

我找到了答案，它与 xcode 设置无关，删除情节提要和从项目中引用是正确的。它与 swift 语法有关。

代码如下：

class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

var window: UIWindow?
var testNavigationController: UINavigationController?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {

        self.testNavigationController = UINavigationController()
        var testViewController: UIViewController? = UIViewController()
        testViewController!.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
        self.testNavigationController!.pushViewController(testViewController, animated: false)

        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

        self.window!.rootViewController = testNavigationController

        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()

        return true
    }

}

Answer 6

你可以这样做：

class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
    var window: UIWindow?
    var IndexNavigationController: UINavigationController?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
        var IndexViewContoller : IndexViewController? = IndexViewController()
        self.IndexNavigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController:IndexViewContoller)
        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
        self.window!.rootViewController = self.IndexNavigationController
        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
        return true
    }
}

Answer 7

为 Swift 3.0 更新：

window = UIWindow()
window?.rootViewController = ViewController()
window?.makeKeyAndVisible()

Answer 8

更新：Swift 5 和 iOS 13：

1. 创建单一视图应用程序。
2. 删除 Main.storyboard（右键单击并删除）。
3. 从Info.plist 文件中的默认场景配置中删除故事板名称：
4. 打开SceneDelegate.swift并将func scene从：

func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
    guard let _ = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
}

到

 func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).x

    if let windowScene = scene as? UIWindowScene {
        let window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
        window.rootViewController = ViewController()
        self.window = window
        window.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}

Answer 9

我推荐你使用控制器和xib

MyViewController.swift 和 MyViewController.xib

(可以通过File->New->File->Cocoa Touch Class创建，设置“也创建XIB文件”为true，UIViewController的子类)

class MyViewController: UIViewController {
   .....    
}

并在AppDelegate.swiftfunc application写下以下代码

....
var controller: MyViewController = MyViewController(nibName:"MyViewController",bundle:nil)
self.window!.rootViewController = controller
return true

应该可以了！

Answer 10

这是 UINavigationController 的完整快速测试示例

        import UIKit
        @UIApplicationMain
        class KSZAppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {    
          var window: UIWindow?
          var testNavigationController: UINavigationController?

          func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
            // Override point for customization after application launch.        
            // Working WITHOUT Storyboard
            // see http://randexdev.com/2014/07/uicollectionview/
            // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24046898/how-do-i-create-a-new-swift-project-without-using-storyboards
            window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
            if let win = window {
              win.opaque = true    
            //you could create the navigation controller in the applicationDidFinishLaunching: method of your application delegate.    
              var testViewController: UIViewController = UIViewController()
              testNavigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: testViewController)
              win.rootViewController = testNavigationController
              win.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
              win.makeKeyAndVisible()
// see corresponding Obj-C in https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/WindowsViews/Conceptual/ViewControllerCatalog/Chapters/NavigationControllers.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40011313-CH2-SW1
        //      - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
        //    UIViewController *myViewController = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
        //    navigationController = [[UINavigationController alloc]
        //                                initWithRootViewController:myViewController];
        //    window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
        //    window.rootViewController = navigationController;
        //    [window makeKeyAndVisible];
            //}
            }
            return true
          }
    }

Answer 11

为什么不创建一个空的应用程序？故事板不是为我创建的...

Answer 12

我们可以在 Xcode 6 (iOS 8) 中创建没有故事板的基于导航的应用程序，如下所示：

• 通过选择项目语言来创建一个空应用程序 斯威夫特。

• 使用接口 xib 添加新的 cocoa touch 类文件。 （例如。 测试视图控制器）

• 在 swift 中，我们只有一个文件与 xib 交互，即 *.swift 文件，没有 .h 和 .m 文件。

• 我们可以将xib的控件与iOS 7中一样的swift文件连接起来。

以下是一些用于使用控件和 Swift 的 sn-ps

//
//  TestViewController.swift
//

import UIKit

class TestViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet var testBtn : UIButton

    init(nibName nibNameOrNil: String?, bundle nibBundleOrNil: NSBundle?) {
        super.init(nibName: nibNameOrNil, bundle: nibBundleOrNil)
        // Custom initialization
    }

    @IBAction func testActionOnBtn(sender : UIButton) {
        let cancelButtonTitle = NSLocalizedString("OK", comment: "")

        let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "Title", message: "Message", preferredStyle: .Alert)

        // Create the action.
        let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: cancelButtonTitle, style: .Cancel) { action in
            NSLog("The simple alert's cancel action occured.")
        }

        // Add the action.
        alertController.addAction(cancelAction)

        presentViewController(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }

}

AppDelegate.swift 文件的变化

//
//  AppDelegate.swift
//

import UIKit

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

    var window: UIWindow?

    var navigationController: UINavigationController?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()

        var testController: TestViewController? = TestViewController(nibName: "TestViewController", bundle: nil)
        self.navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: testController)
        self.window!.rootViewController = self.navigationController

        return true
    }

    func applicationWillResignActive(application: UIApplication) {
}

    func applicationDidEnterBackground(application: UIApplication) {
    }

    func applicationWillEnterForeground(application: UIApplication) {
    }

    func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) {
    }

    func applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) {
    }

}

查找代码示例和其他信息 http://ashishkakkad.wordpress.com/2014/06/16/create-a-application-in-xcode-6-ios-8-without-storyborard-in-swift-language-and-work-with-controls/

Answer 13

在 iOS 13 及更高版本中，当您创建没有情节提要的新项目时，请使用以下步骤：

1. 使用 Xcode 11 或更高版本创建项目
2. 删除故事板笔尖和类
3. 使用 xib 添加新文件
4. 需要将根视图设置为 UINavigationController SceneDelegate
5. 添加以下代码：

func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
    // guard let _ = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
    
    if let windowScene = scene as? UIWindowScene {
        self.window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
        let mainController = HomeViewController() as HomeViewController
        let navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: mainController)
        self.window!.rootViewController = navigationController
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}