发布到 IIS 时，ASP.NET MVC WebApi 应用程序上的程序集绑定错误

Question

我的任务是维护一个 ASP.NET MVC 5 WebApi 应用程序。每次我用 IIS Express 运行这个应用程序时，它运行正常，但每次我将它发布到 IIS 站点并尝试调用任何 API 方法时，都会出现以下错误：

无法加载文件或程序集'Newtonsoft.Json， 版本=6.0.0.0，文化=中性，PublicKeyToken=30ad4fe6b2a6aeed' 或 它的依赖项之一。定位程序集的清单定义不 匹配程序集引用。 （HRESULT 的例外情况： 0x80131040)

堆栈跟踪如下：

[FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'Newtonsoft.Json, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=30ad4fe6b2a6aeed' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)]   
System.Net.Http.Formatting.BaseJsonMediaTypeFormatter..ctor() +0   
System.Net.Http.Formatting.JsonMediaTypeFormatter..ctor() +73
System.Net.Http.Formatting.MediaTypeFormatterCollection.
    CreateDefaultFormatters() +55
System.Web.Http.HttpConfiguration.DefaultFormatters(HttpConfiguration config) +34   
System.Web.Http.HttpConfiguration..ctor(HttpRouteCollection routes) +382
System.Web.Http.GlobalConfiguration.<CreateConfiguration>b__0() +94   
System.Lazy`1.CreateValue() +708
System.Lazy`1.LazyInitValue() +184
Consalud.Seguridad.WebApi.App_Start.UnityWebApiActivator.Start() +93

[TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an 
invocation.]
System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments, Signature sig, Boolean constructor) +0
System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.UnsafeInvokeInternal(Object obj, Object[] parameters, Object[] arguments) +260
System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture) +142
System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke(Object obj, Object[] parameters) +34   
WebActivatorEx.BaseActivationMethodAttribute.InvokeMethod() +280   
WebActivatorEx.ActivationManager.RunActivationMethods(Boolean designerMode) +749   
WebActivatorEx.ActivationManager.RunPreStartMethods(Boolean designerMode) +49 
WebActivatorEx.ActivationManager.Run() +75

[InvalidOperationException: The pre-application start initialization method Run on type WebActivator.ActivationManager threw an exception with the following error message: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.]   
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.InvokePreStartInitMethodsCore(ICollection`1 methods, Func`1 setHostingEnvironmentCultures) +850   
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.InvokePreStartInitMethods(ICollection`1 methods) +162   
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CallPreStartInitMethods(String preStartInitListPath, Boolean& isRefAssemblyLoaded) +128   
System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ExecutePreAppStart() +170   
System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters, PolicyLevel policyLevel, Exception appDomainCreationException) +820

[HttpException (0x80004005): The pre-application start initialization method Run on type WebActivator.ActivationManager threw an exception with the following error message: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.]   
System.Web.HttpRuntime.FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +523   
System.Web.HttpRuntime.EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +107    System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationPrivate(IIS7WorkerRequest wr, HttpContext context) +688

库版本：

• Newtonsoft.Json 10.0.3
• Unity 4.0.1
• Unity.AspNet.WebApi 4.0.1
• WebActivatorEx 2.0.0
• Microsoft.Net.Http 2.2.29

Unity 用于整个应用程序的依赖注入。

Web.config 程序集重定向部分：

<runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-10.0.0.0" newVersion="10.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <publisherPolicy apply="no" />
        <assemblyIdentity name="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess" publicKeyToken="89b483f429c47342" culture="neutral" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http.Formatting" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>

UnityWebApiActivator 类：

public static class UnityWebApiActivator
    {
        /// <summary>Integrates Unity when the application starts.</summary>
        public static void Start() 
        {
            // Use UnityHierarchicalDependencyResolver if you want to use a new child container for each IHttpController resolution.
            var resolver = new UnityHierarchicalDependencyResolver(UnityConfig.GetConfiguredContainer());
            // var resolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(UnityConfig.GetConfiguredContainer());

            GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = resolver;
        }

        /// <summary>Disposes the Unity container when the application is shut down.</summary>
        public static void Shutdown()
        {
            var container = UnityConfig.GetConfiguredContainer();
            container.Dispose();
        }
    }

据我所知，异常是在UnityWebApiActivator.Start() 的GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = resolver; 行中引发的。

Answer 1

检查在 IIS 服务器上使用的实际部署的web.config 文件（Web 应用程序根文件夹中的那个）是否具有相同的绑定重定向。

另外注意：任何*.dll.config 文件都无效；它们通常是 Visual Studio 在开发过程中添加它们的结果，并且通常（通常是不必要的）默认部署。