我找到了一个不错的解决方案:添加了一个可以将 Python 字典转换为 std::map 的模板。逻辑基于this extremely useful primer,稍作修改主要来自this source file和一些额外的cmets。
下面是模板定义:
// dict2map.hh
#include "boost/python.hpp"
namespace bpy = boost::python;
/// This template encapsulates the conversion machinery.
template<typename key_t, typename val_t>
struct Dict2Map {
/// The type of the map we convert the Python dict into
typedef std::map<key_t, val_t> map_t;
/// constructor
/// registers the converter with the Boost.Python runtime
Dict2Map() {
bpy::converter::registry::push_back(
&convertible,
&construct,
bpy::type_id<map_t>()
#ifdef BOOST_PYTHON_SUPPORTS_PY_SIGNATURES
, &bpy::converter::wrap_pytype<&PyDict_Type>::get_pytype
#endif
);
}
/// Check if conversion is possible
static void* convertible(PyObject* objptr) {
return PyDict_Check(objptr)? objptr: nullptr;
}
/// Perform the conversion
static void construct(
PyObject* objptr,
bpy::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data* data
) {
// convert the PyObject pointed to by `objptr` to a bpy::dict
bpy::handle<> objhandle{ bpy::borrowed(objptr) }; // "smart ptr"
bpy::dict d{ objhandle };
// get a pointer to memory into which we construct the map
// this is provided by the Python runtime
void* storage =
reinterpret_cast<
bpy::converter::rvalue_from_python_storage<map_t>*
>(data)->storage.bytes;
// placement-new allocate the result
new(storage) map_t{};
// iterate over the dictionary `d`, fill up the map `m`
map_t& m{ *(static_cast<map_t *>(storage)) };
bpy::list keys{ d.keys() };
int keycount{ static_cast<int>(bpy::len(keys)) };
for (int i = 0; i < keycount; ++i) {
// get the key
bpy::object keyobj{ keys[i] };
bpy::extract<key_t> keyproxy{ keyobj };
if (! keyproxy.check()) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError, "Bad key type");
bpy::throw_error_already_set();
}
key_t key = keyproxy();
// get the corresponding value
bpy::object valobj{ d[keyobj] };
bpy::extract<val_t> valproxy{ valobj };
if (! valproxy.check()) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Bad value type");
bpy::throw_error_already_set();
}
val_t val = valproxy();
m[key] = val;
}
// remember the location for later
data->convertible = storage;
}
};
为了使用它,您必须创建一个Dict2Map 实例,以便调用它的构造函数。一种可能的方法是在定义 Python 包装器的源文件中创建一个静态 Dict2Map<key_t, val_t> 变量。用我的例子:
// myclasswrapper.cc
#include "mymap.hh"
#include "dict2map.hh"
// register the converter at runtime
static Dict2Map<char, double> reg{};
#include "boost/python.hpp" // not really necessary
namespace bpy = boost::python;
// wrapping MyClass
bpy::class_<MyClass>("MyClass", "My example class",
bpy::init<mymap_t>()
)
// .def(...method wrappers...)
;
现在可以像这样在 Python 端创建 MyClass 对象:
myclass = MyClass({"foo":1, "bar":2})
编辑:可以以类似的方式将 Python 列表转换为 C++ std::vector-s。这是对应的模板:
template<typename elem_t>
struct List2Vec {
/// The type of the vector we convert the Python list into
typedef std::vector<elem_t> vec_t;
/// constructor
/// registers the converter
List2Vec() {
bpy::converter::registry::push_back(
&convertible,
&construct,
bpy::type_id<vec_t>()
#ifdef BOOST_PYTHON_SUPPORTS_PY_SIGNATURES
, &bpy::converter::wrap_pytype<&PyList_Type>::get_pytype
#endif
);
}
/// Check if conversion is possible
static void* convertible(PyObject* objptr) {
return PyList_Check(objptr)? objptr: nullptr;
}
/// Perform the conversion
static void construct(
PyObject* objptr,
bpy::converter::rvalue_from_python_stage1_data* data
) {
// convert the PyObject pointed to by `objptr` to a bpy::list
bpy::handle<> objhandle{ bpy::borrowed(objptr) }; // "smart ptr"
bpy::list lst{ objhandle };
// get a pointer to memory into which we construct the vector
// this is provided by the Python side somehow
void* storage =
reinterpret_cast<
bpy::converter::rvalue_from_python_storage<vec_t>*
>(data)->storage.bytes;
// placement-new allocate the result
new(storage) vec_t{};
// iterate over the list `lst`, fill up the vector `vec`
int elemcount{ static_cast<int>(bpy::len(lst)) };
vec_t& vec{ *(static_cast<vec_t *>(storage)) };
for (int i = 0; i < elemcount; ++i) {
// get the element
bpy::object elemobj{ lst[i] };
bpy::extract<elem_t> elemproxy{ elemobj };
if (! elemproxy.check()) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Bad element type");
bpy::throw_error_already_set();
}
elem_t elem = elemproxy();
vec.push_back(elem);
}
// remember the location for later
data->convertible = storage;
}
};