Python3 cx-Oracle Oracle 客户端库无法加载：Linux 上的“libclntsh.so”

Question

我通过搜索发现了类似的问题。但是，之前的解决方案似乎以 Windows 而非 Linux 为中心。

1) Python 版本：Python 3.4.6

2) 操作系统版本：Linux SLES 12.3

3) Oracle 数据库版本：11.2

4) Oracle 客户端：64 位 11.2 即时客户端灯，cx-Oracle 6.4.1

5）LIBAIO：

S  | Name          | Summary                                                    | Type
---+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------
i+ | libaio-devel  | Development Files for Linux-native Asynchronous I/O Access | package
i  | libaio1       | Linux-Native Asynchronous I/O Access Library               | package
   | libaio1-32bit | Linux-Native Asynchronous I/O Access Library               | package

6) Oracle 客户端位置：/opt/pyora/oracle_11.2/instantclient_11_2

drwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel       346 Oct 23 07:48 .
drwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel       124 Oct 23 07:47 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel     25420 Aug 24  2013 adrci
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel       449 Aug 24  2013 BASIC_LITE_README
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel       439 Aug 24  2013 BASIC_README
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel     47860 Aug 24  2013 genezi
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel  53865194 Oct 22 16:44 libclntsh.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel  53865194 Aug 24  2013 libclntsh.so.11.1
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel   7996693 Aug 24  2013 libnnz11.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel   1973074 Aug 24  2013 libocci.so.11.1
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel 118738042 Aug 24  2013 libociei.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel   9897206 Aug 24  2013 libociicus.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel    164942 Aug 24  2013 libocijdbc11.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel   2091135 Aug 24  2013 ojdbc5.jar
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel   2739616 Aug 24  2013 ojdbc6.jar
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel    192365 Aug 24  2013 uidrvci
-rwxrwxrwx 1 virtual wheel     66779 Aug 24  2013 xstreams.jar

7) 下面的代码设置环境变量以及尝试建立连接：（从 python 交互式 shell 运行）

from base64 import b64encode, b64decode # used for excoding/decoding base64 data
from toml import load as toml_load # used to retreive config file data
import cx_Oracle # used for accessing the Oracle databases
import os
import re
import sys
def decode_data(data):
    return b64decode(data).decode('ascii')
path = os.environ["PATH"]
os.environ["PATH"] = "/opt/pyora/oracle_11.2/instantclient_11_2:" + path
os.environ["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"] = "/opt/pyora/oracle_11.2/instantclient_11_2"
os.environ["ORACLE_HOME"] = "/opt/pyora/oracle_11.2/instantclient_11_2"
os.environ["ORACLE_BASE"] = "/opt/pyora/oracle_11.2/instantclient_11_2"
username = decode_data("***")
password = decode_data("***")
hostname=decode_data("***")
port=decode_data("***")
schema=decode_data("***")
dsn ="{hostname}:{port}/{schema}".format(hostname=hostname,port=port,schema=schema)
print("PATH="+os.environ["PATH"]+"\n")
print("LS_LIBRARY_PATH="+os.environ["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"]+"\n")
print("ORACLE_HOME="+os.environ["ORACLE_HOME"]+"\n")
print("ORACLE_BASE="+os.environ["ORACLE_BASE"]+"\n")
dconn = cx_Oracle.connect(user=username,password=password,dsn=dsn)

8) 以下是收到的错误： 标准用户 -

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: DPI-1047: 64-bit Oracle Client library cannot be loaded: "libclntsh.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory". See https://oracle.github.io/odpi/doc/installation.html#linux for help

Sudo'd 用户 - （在导入 cx_Oracle 之后）

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: libnnz11.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

我已按照错误消息中的链接说明进行操作，但没有任何帮助。 https://oracle.github.io/odpi/doc/installation.html#linux

我确实验证了各个部分的架构：

Oracle 即时客户端： Instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

libaio：

libaio-devel-0.3.109-17.15.x86_64
libaio1-0.3.109-17.15.x86_64

Python 3：

Python 3.4.6 (default, Mar 01 2017, 16:52:22) [GCC] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import platform
>>> platform.architecture()
('64bit', 'ELF')
>>>

Answer 1

在启动您的应用程序之前设置库搜索路径。我推荐使用ldconfig，如ODPI-C安装链接和实际cx_Oracle installation doc所示。

对于 Instant Client，不要设置 ORACLE_HOME 或 ORACLE_BASE。为什么要在应用程序中设置 PATH？？

我还建议使用 Instant Client 18.3，它可以连接到 Oracle 数据库 11.2 及更高版本。