在 Windows 上的 Code::Blocks 中编译 SDL2 + OpenGL + GLAD 项目：未定义的引用答案

【问题标题】：Compiling SDL2 + OpenGL + GLAD project in Code::Blocks on Windows: undefined references在 Windows 上的 Code::Blocks 中编译 SDL2 + OpenGL + GLAD 项目：未定义的引用
【发布时间】：2020-08-17 04:34:25
【问题描述】：

我正在检查创建使用 OpenGL 代码的 Windows 应用程序的不同变体。我对 OpenGL Core Profile（所谓的“现代 OpenGL”）特别感兴趣。我使用 Code::Blocks 作为我的 IDE。

起初我编写了一个简单的 WinAPI 应用程序。它运行良好，直到我尝试运行一些核心代码。这告诉我如果我想在 Windows 中使用现代 OpenGL，WinAPI 在这里没有用，因为它是用即时模式修复的。

所以，我的下一步是使用 GLFW + GLAD（在 https://glad.dav1d.de/ 网站上生成）制作一个项目。在这种方法中，OpenGL 函数有一些未解析的符号，但很高兴解决了这个问题，我的项目完成了。编译并运行没有问题。

这次我想测试一个 SDL 变体。我下载了 SDL2 头文件和库，并将它们放入 C::B 安装中的正确文件夹中。起初，我编写了一个仅 SDL2 的简单应用程序，它运行良好，这向我展示了在构建选项中包含和指向库的链接不会让编译器阻塞我的代码。

现在我添加了一些使用 opengl 核心功能的代码。起初编译该代码导致编译器抱怨这些函数。我通过再次添加 GLAD 解决了它们，就像我以前的项目一样，它工作正常，但只能编译。当试图链接我的程序时，编译器会吐出很多这样的错误：

g++.exe  -o bin\Debug\OpenGL_SDL.exe obj\Debug\glad.o obj\Debug\main.o  -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc -static -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lglew32 -opengl32 -lglu32 -mwindows  
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_hidapi.o): In function `PLATFORM_hid_enumerate':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:354: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiGetClassDevsA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:354: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:378: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:415: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:420: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:565: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/hidapi/windows/hid.c:427: undefined reference to `__imp_SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windows.o): In function `WIN_CoInitialize':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/core/windows/SDL_windows.c:76: undefined reference to `__imp_CoInitializeEx'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windows.o): In function `WIN_CoUninitialize':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/core/windows/SDL_windows.c:95: undefined reference to `__imp_CoUninitialize'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_SetupAPI':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:650: undefined reference to `ImmGetIMEFileNameA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:663: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:666: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetId':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:584: undefined reference to `ImmGetIMEFileNameA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:599: undefined reference to `GetFileVersionInfoSizeA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:603: undefined reference to `GetFileVersionInfoA'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:604: undefined reference to `VerQueryValueA'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UILess_GetCandidateList':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1021: undefined reference to `__imp_SysFreeString'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_ClearComposition':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:716: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:720: undefined reference to `ImmNotifyIME'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:724: undefined reference to `ImmNotifyIME'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:725: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:722: undefined reference to `ImmSetCompositionStringW'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Disable':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:404: undefined reference to `ImmAssociateContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UIElementSink_BeginUIElement':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1088: undefined reference to `__imp_SysFreeString'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UIElementSink_UpdateUIElement':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1115: undefined reference to `__imp_SysFreeString'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Init':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:348: undefined reference to `__imp_CoCreateInstance'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:363: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:364: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UILess_SetupSinks':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1229: undefined reference to `__imp_CoCreateInstance'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Quit':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:418: undefined reference to `ImmAssociateContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Enable':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:389: undefined reference to `ImmAssociateContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `WIN_SetTextInputRect':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:244: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:251: undefined reference to `ImmSetCompositionWindow'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:252: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_HandleMessage':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:889: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetCompositionString':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:732: undefined reference to `ImmGetCompositionStringW'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:737: undefined reference to `ImmGetCompositionStringW'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_HandleMessage':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:927: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetReadingString':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:459: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:531: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_HandleMessage':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:922: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetCandidateList':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:800: undefined reference to `ImmGetCandidateListW'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:804: undefined reference to `ImmGetCandidateListW'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetCompositionString':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:732: undefined reference to `ImmGetCompositionStringW'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:737: undefined reference to `ImmGetCompositionStringW'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_dinputhaptic.o): In function `SDL_DINPUT_HapticInit':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/haptic/windows/SDL_dinputhaptic.c:89: undefined reference to `__imp_CoCreateInstance'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_SetSystemTimerResolution':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:57: undefined reference to `__imp_timeBeginPeriod'
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:51: undefined reference to `__imp_timeEndPeriod'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_TicksInit':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:102: undefined reference to `__imp_timeGetTime'
C:/Program Files/CodeBlocks/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_SetSystemTimerResolution':
/Users/valve/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.12-source/foo-x64/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:51: undefined reference to `__imp_timeEndPeriod'

我很确定我在链接库时搞砸了。也许他们的顺序错误。也许我想念一些。或 输入可能是另一个错误。

链接器选项中我的库列表是：

mingw32
SDL2main
SDL2
glew32
opengl32
glu32

我不知道“__imp_SetupDiGetClassDevsA”及其公司来自哪个库，因此我不知道该怎么办☹。

【问题讨论】：

最简单的解决方案是不静态链接你的库。因为您是静态链接，所以您需要手动链接 SDL2 的每个依赖项，其中有 20 个。有关确切标志，请参阅 SDL 随附的 sdl2.pc。 “我不知道“__imp_SetupDiGetClassDevsA”和它的公司来自哪个库”嗯，你可以google一下函数名。
"如果我想在 Windows 中使用现代的 OpenGL，WinAPI 是没有用的" 你确定吗？ SDL 在后台使用 WinAPI，不能是其他任何东西。
glad 或 glew。选择一种，但不要混合使用。
@HolyBlackCat 删除-static 的解决方案有效，但仅当在 Code::Blocks 中运行应用程序时。当我尝试手动运行我的程序时，它会抱怨“libwnpthread-1.dll”。我故意添加了该标志以避免动态链接问题（但是，我明智地将 sdl2.dll 复制到应用程序的文件夹中，因此它至少不会抱怨那个）
@Felix.leg 将该 dll 复制到应用程序的文件夹中。它随您的编译器一起提供。您可能还需要libgcc...dll 和libstdc++...dll。

标签： c++ opengl gcc codeblocks sdl-2

【解决方案1】：

好的，我发现问题出在哪里。我发现一些其他人在互联网的不同部分提出了类似的问题，所以我在这里发布了我自己问题的答案，以便其他人可能会找到它（我希望他们会觉得这很有用）。

这些函数来自不想静态编译的 SDL2。根据这篇文章Static-linking of SDL2 libraries，“正确的方法”是从 SDL2 包附带的bin\ 文件夹运行sdl2-config。使用--static-libs 运行它应该会给我们一个链接器选项列表，这些选项将被写入“构建选项.../链接器设置/其他链接器选项”对话框中。就我而言，它是： -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -mwindows -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,--dynamicbase -Wl,--nxcompat -Wl,--high-entropy-va -lm -ldinput8 -ldxguid -ldxerr8 -luser32 -lgdi32 -lwinmm -limm32 -lole32 -loleaut32 -lshell32 -lsetupapi -lversion -luuid -static-libgcc（这个列表比我在问题帖子中想象的要长得多）。

之前没找到，因为sdl2-config是一个Bash文件，而Code::Blocks自带的MinGW没有自带Bash解释器，所以无法正常运行。幸运的是，它是一个文本文件（而不是我最初猜测的二进制程序），所以我只是在其中搜索了正确的行。

【讨论】：