在 OpenGL 中在 Mac 上编译着色器时出现“版本不支持”错误答案

【问题标题】：getting "version not supported" error while compiling shaders on Mac in OpenGL在 OpenGL 中在 Mac 上编译着色器时出现“版本不支持”错误
【发布时间】：2020-01-06 18:19:08
【问题描述】：

我最近学习了一个关于 OpenGL (TheChernoProject) 的在线教程，在我真正开始编写着色器之前，一切都很顺利。当我编译我的代码时，它会运行，但屏幕上什么也没有显示，虽然应该有一个红色的三角形。

我正在 MacOS 10.14.6 的终端上编写此代码。我已经下载了 glfw 和 glew，并且正在使用以下命令编译代码：

clang++  -framework Cocoa -framework OpenGL -framework IOKit -framework CoreVideo -lglfw -lglew main.cpp -o main.o

我已经尝试将 #version 330 内核替换为 #version 440 内核，因为它是我的 Mac 支持的最新版本，但无济于事。

这是我的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

static unsigned int CompileShader(unsigned int type, const std::string& source){
    unsigned int id = glCreateShader(type);
    const char* src = source.c_str();
    glShaderSource(id, 1, &src, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(id);

    int result;
    glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &result);
    if(!result){
        int length;
        glGetShaderiv(id, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
        char* message = (char*)alloca(length * sizeof(char));
        glGetShaderInfoLog(id, length, &length, message);
        std::cout<<"failed to compile "<<(type==GL_VERTEX_SHADER?"vertex":"fragment")<<" shader"<<std::endl;
        std::cout<<message<<std::endl;
        glDeleteShader(id);
        return 0;
    }

    return id;
}

static unsigned int CreateShader(const std::string& vertexShader, const std::string& fragmentShader){
    unsigned int program = glCreateProgram();
    unsigned int vs = CompileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShader);
    unsigned int fs = CompileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShader);

    glAttachShader(program, vs);
    glAttachShader(program, fs);
    glLinkProgram(program);
    glValidateProgram(program);

    glDeleteShader(vs);
    glDeleteShader(fs);

    return program;
}


int main(void){
    GLFWwindow* window;

    if(!glfwInit())return -1;
    glfwWindowHint( GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3 );
        glfwWindowHint( GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3 );
        glfwWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GLFW_TRUE );
        glfwWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE );

    window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
    if (!window){
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    if(glewInit() != GLEW_OK)return -1;

    float positions[6] = {
        -0.5f,-0.5f,
         0.0f, 0.5f,
         0.5f,-0.5f
    };

    unsigned int buffer;
    glGenBuffers(1,&buffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(float), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);   
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(float), 0);

    std::string fragmentShader =
        "#version 330 core\n"
        "layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;\n"
        "void main(){\n"
        "   color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n"
        "}\n";

    std::string vertexShader =
        "#version 330 core\n"
        "layout(location = 0) in vec4 position;\n"
        "void main(){\n"
        "   gl_Position = position;\n"
        "}\n";

    unsigned int shader = CreateShader(vertexShader, fragmentShader);
    glUseProgram(shader);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);

        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

【问题讨论】：

据我们所知，您没有请求核心上下文。在minimal reproducible example 中编辑。随意使用this 作为基础。
here 是完整代码，如果您想查看的话。我已经使用您的基础请求了核心上下文。现在我没有收到任何错误，但我仍然没有看到三角形。 this 是我编写代码的视频。我已经按照它并按照视频中的内容编写了所有内容，但它仍然无法正常工作。可能只是一个我看不到的错字
从理论上讲，我的完整代码是一个可重现的最小示例。我很快就会编辑我的问题
“我已经尝试用 #version 440 core 替换 #version 330 core，因为它是我的 Mac 支持的最新版本，但无济于事。”不，不是的。 OSX 最多支持 GL 4.1。
核心配置文件需要使用VAO

标签： c++ macos opengl shader glfw

【解决方案1】：

Ripi2 有它，你需要一个 vertex array object (VAO) 绑定来在核心上下文中渲染 任何东西：

# Mesa on Linux is about as picky as Apple's OpenGL implementation :)
$ g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs glfw3 glew` main.cpp
$ MESA_DEBUG=1 ./a.out 
Mesa: User error: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glVertexAttribPointer(no array object bound)
Mesa: User error: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glDrawArrays(no VAO bound)

例如：

GLuint vao = 0;
glGenVertexArrays( 1, &vao );
glBindVertexArray( vao );
// glVertexAttribPointer()/glEnableVertexAttribArray()/glDraw*() calls here

大家一起：

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

static unsigned int CompileShader(unsigned int type, const std::string& source){
    unsigned int id = glCreateShader(type);
    const char* src = source.c_str();
    glShaderSource(id, 1, &src, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(id);

    int result;
    glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &result);
    if(!result){
        int length;
        glGetShaderiv(id, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
        char* message = (char*)alloca(length * sizeof(char));
        glGetShaderInfoLog(id, length, &length, message);
        std::cout<<"failed to compile "<<(type==GL_VERTEX_SHADER?"vertex":"fragment")<<" shader"<<std::endl;
        std::cout<<message<<std::endl;
        glDeleteShader(id);
        return 0;
    }

    return id;
}

static unsigned int CreateShader(const std::string& vertexShader, const std::string& fragmentShader){
    unsigned int program = glCreateProgram();
    unsigned int vs = CompileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShader);
    unsigned int fs = CompileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShader);

    glAttachShader(program, vs);
    glAttachShader(program, fs);
    glLinkProgram(program);
    glValidateProgram(program);

    glDeleteShader(vs);
    glDeleteShader(fs);

    return program;
}


int main(void){
    GLFWwindow* window;

    if(!glfwInit())return -1;
    glfwWindowHint( GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3 );
    glfwWindowHint( GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3 );
    glfwWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GLFW_TRUE );
    glfwWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE );

    window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
    if (!window){
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    if(glewInit() != GLEW_OK)return -1;

    float positions[6] = {
        -0.5f,-0.5f,
        0.0f, 0.5f,
        0.5f,-0.5f
    };

    GLuint vao = 0;
    glGenVertexArrays( 1, &vao );
    glBindVertexArray( vao );

    unsigned int buffer;
    glGenBuffers(1,&buffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(float), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);   
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 2 * sizeof(float), 0);

    std::string fragmentShader =
        "#version 330 core\n"
        "layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;\n"
        "void main(){\n"
        "   color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n"
        "}\n";

    std::string vertexShader =
        "#version 330 core\n"
        "layout(location = 0) in vec4 position;\n"
        "void main(){\n"
        "   gl_Position = position;\n"
        "}\n";

    unsigned int shader = CreateShader(vertexShader, fragmentShader);
    glUseProgram(shader);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);

        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

【讨论】：

经过一些调试，我得出的结论是段错误是由glCreateVertexArrays（）产生的，我继续努力
已修复：您需要使用 glGenVertexArrays 而不是 glCreateVertexArrays。请介意编辑您的答案，以便我投票吗？
@mlerp：完成。抱歉疏忽，我应该知道的更好:(