【发布时间】：2020-09-09 11:34:34
【问题描述】：
我想渲染一个由许多立方体组成的大场景。我的第一个想法是创建一个单一的立方体 VBO，然后使用统一的模型矩阵多次绘制它来翻译它。这很慢，因为我每帧多次调用glDrawArrays。
所以我决定改用一个巨大的 VBO，它带有每个立方体顶点和一个额外的平移向量。基本上，我把我的旧通用立方体 VBO 加上平移向量，并将该列表附加到我想要绘制的每个立方体的 VBO 列表中。然后我绑定一个 VAO 并绘制它。我还更改了我的顶点着色器，使其接受该平移向量作为顶点属性，并在着色器内生成一个模型矩阵。
现在，这不会返回任何错误，这很好，但它实际上并没有绘制任何东西，这不是很好，即使该过程与我之前所做的非常相似。
这里有一些代码：
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Whopper VBO 创建者：
class render: def __init__(self, coords_list): self.render_list = [] for i in coords_list: self.render_list.append([ # Cube model Texture Translation 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, i[0], i[1], i[2], ]) print('Cube added!') def create_buffers(self): render_vbo, self.render_vao = glGenBuffers(1), glGenVertexArrays(1) glBindVertexArray(self.render_vao) glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, render_vbo) glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, np.array(self.render_list), GL_STATIC_DRAW) glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 32, ctypes.c_void_p(0)) glEnableVertexAttribArray(0) glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 32, ctypes.c_void_p(12)) glEnableVertexAttribArray(1) glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 32, ctypes.c_void_p(20)) glEnableVertexAttribArray(2) def draw_buffer(self, program, texture): program.use() glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture) glBindVertexArray(self.render_vao) glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, int(len(self.render_list)/8)) -
初始化和渲染循环：
def main(): global delta_time, last_frame test_chunk = chunk.chunk((0,0,0)) #Creates a 16x16x16 cube of cubes test_chunk.fill_layers(0, 16, 1) #Works fine window = utilities.window() camera.setup_window(window) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glEnable(GL_BLEND) glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) shader_program = utilities.shader(vertex_source_3d, fragment_source_3d, '330') shader_program.compile() #Check which cubes are exposed and should be rendered #Works fine exposed_list = [i for i, blocktype in np.ndenumerate(test_chunk.data) if test_chunk.return_if_exposed(i) == True and blocktype != 0] shader_program.use() shader_program.set_int('texture0', 0) camera_direction = glm.vec3() yaw = -90.0 second_counter = 0 frame_counter = 0 render = cube.render(exposed_list) render.create_buffers() while not window.check_if_closed(): current_frame = glfw.get_time() delta_time = current_frame - last_frame last_frame = current_frame second_counter += delta_time frame_counter += 1 window.refresh(0) camera.process_input(window, delta_time) camera.testing_commands(window) glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0) shader_program.use() pos, looking, up = camera.return_vectors() view = glm.lookAt(pos, looking, up) projection = glm.perspective(glm.radians(45), window.size[0]/window.size[1], 0.1, 100) shader_program.set_mat4('view', glm.value_ptr(view)) shader_program.set_mat4('projection', glm.value_ptr(projection)) render.draw_buffer(shader_program, cobble_tex_ID) glBindVertexArray(0) if second_counter >= 1: print(frame_counter) second_counter, frame_counter = 0, 0 window.refresh(1) window.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main() -
顶点着色器：
#version %s core layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos; layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord; layout (location = 2) in vec3 cube_coord; out vec2 TexCoord; uniform mat4 view; uniform mat4 projection; mat4 model = mat4(1.0); void main() { model[0].w = cube_coord.x; model[1].w = cube_coord.y; model[2].w = cube_coord.z; gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0); TexCoord = aTexCoord; } -
片段着色器：
version %s core out vec4 FragColor; in vec2 TexCoord; uniform sampler2D texture0; void main() { FragColor = texture(texture0, TexCoord); }
【问题讨论】：
标签： python opengl glsl vbo pyopengl