【发布时间】：2021-04-26 01:26:50
【问题描述】：
我在Arch Linux x86_64 上有node v15.14.0 和npm 7.8.0（从该发行版的存储库安装）。
使用npm init 在空目录中启动项目，然后尝试使用npm i <blah> 安装某些东西总是以同样的方式失败。一个例子，在$HOME/tmp运行：
$ npm i btoa
npm ERR! subset is not a function
npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR! $HOME/.npm/_logs/2021-04-08T00_32_19_504Z-debug.log
该日志文件内容如下：
0 verbose cli [ '/usr/bin/node', '/usr/bin/npm', 'i', 'btoa' ]
1 info using npm@7.8.0
2 info using node@v15.14.0
3 timing npm:load:whichnode Completed in 0ms
4 timing config:load:defaults Completed in 1ms
5 timing config:load:file:/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/npmrc Completed in 0ms
6 timing config:load:builtin Completed in 0ms
7 timing config:load:cli Completed in 1ms
8 timing config:load:env Completed in 0ms
9 timing config:load:file:$HOME/tmp/.npmrc Completed in 0ms
10 timing config:load:project Completed in 1ms
11 timing config:load:file:$HOME/.npmrc Completed in 0ms
12 timing config:load:user Completed in 0ms
13 timing config:load:file:/usr/etc/npmrc Completed in 0ms
14 timing config:load:global Completed in 0ms
15 timing config:load:validate Completed in 0ms
16 timing config:load:setEnvs Completed in 1ms
17 timing config:load Completed in 5ms
18 timing npm:load:configload Completed in 5ms
19 timing npm:load:setTitle Completed in 0ms
20 timing npm:load:setupLog Completed in 1ms
21 timing npm:load:cleanupLog Completed in 1ms
22 timing npm:load:configScope Completed in 1ms
23 timing npm:load:projectScope Completed in 0ms
24 timing npm:load Completed in 9ms
25 timing config:load:flatten Completed in 2ms
26 timing arborist:ctor Completed in 0ms
27 timing arborist:ctor Completed in 0ms
28 timing idealTree:init Completed in 13ms
29 timing idealTree:userRequests Completed in 3ms
30 silly idealTree buildDeps
31 silly fetch manifest btoa@*
32 http fetch GET 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/btoa 193ms (from cache)
33 silly placeDep ROOT btoa@1.2.1 KEEP for: tmp@1.0.0 want: *
34 timing idealTree:#root Completed in 198ms
35 timing idealTree:buildDeps Completed in 199ms
36 timing idealTree:fixDepFlags Completed in 0ms
37 timing idealTree Completed in 217ms
38 timing reify:loadTrees Completed in 217ms
39 timing reify:diffTrees Completed in 0ms
40 silly reify moves {}
41 timing reify:retireShallow Completed in 0ms
42 timing reify:createSparse Completed in 0ms
43 timing reify:loadBundles Completed in 0ms
44 timing reify:unpack Completed in 0ms
45 timing reify:unretire Completed in 0ms
46 timing build:queue Completed in 0ms
47 timing build:deps Completed in 1ms
48 timing build Completed in 1ms
49 timing reify:build Completed in 1ms
50 timing reify:trash Completed in 0ms
51 timing command:install Completed in 230ms
52 verbose stack TypeError: subset is not a function
52 verbose stack at Arborist.[saveIdealTree] (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:956:37)
52 verbose stack at /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:138:39
52 verbose stack at async Arborist.reify (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js:134:5)
52 verbose stack at async Install.install (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/install.js:137:5)
53 verbose cwd $HOME/tmp
54 verbose Linux 5.10.25-1-lts
55 verbose argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "i" "btoa"
56 verbose node v15.14.0
57 verbose npm v7.8.0
58 error subset is not a function
59 verbose exit 1
所以你可以看到
- 我的“全局”模块位于
/usr/lib/node_modules（我可以使用sudo npm install -g很好地安装）； -
subset函数似乎在install命令调用时弹出
/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/arborist/reify.js
我已检查该文件是否定义了
const {subset} = require('semver')
我该如何解决这个问题？
编辑：
这是为了解决下面的评论：这个subset 问题发生不管我尝试安装什么。 btoa 只是一个例子。
【问题讨论】：
-
为什么需要
btoa开头？ Node 已经可以使用 Buffer 的toString('base64')将任何数据本地转换为 base64，并使用Buffer.from(data, 'base64')从 base64 转换？ -
这只是一个例子。该问题与 any
npmpackage 相同。 -
npm ls和npm ls -g是否返回没有错误？ -
还要注意
npm install -g永远不需要sudo（因为这将是一个疯狂的安全风险。NPM 安装可以并且已经知道运行任意代码可以做所有事情，从安装后门到运行rm -rf /)。如果npm i -g没有它就不能工作，那就是出了很大的问题，可能是时候重新安装节点了... -
npm ls -g总是可以正常工作；npm ls与extraneous modules错误，除非我删除$HOME/node_modules；如果我这样做，那很好。