参考:C++ Standard Library: A tutorial and reference, Second version 第 7.9.2 章:创建和控制无序容器
我在 Google 中找到的所有解决方案都使用 XOR 来生成 pair 的哈希码,这非常糟糕。见why-is-xor-the-default-way-to-combine-hashes。然而,这本书给了我们最好的解决方案,使用hash_combine,取自Boost。当我在 Online Judge(Atcoder) 中测试时,该解决方案比 XOR 好得多。我将代码组织为模板,如下所示。您可以尽可能多地复制和粘贴它。并且可以很方便地更改它以适应任何自定义结构/类。
更新:为元组添加哈希模板。
#include <functional>
namespace hash_tuple {
template <typename TT> struct hash {
size_t operator()(TT const &tt) const { return std::hash<TT>()(tt); }
};
// from boost (functional/hash):
// see http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_35_0/doc/html/hash/combine.html template
template <class T> inline void hash_combine(std::size_t &seed, T const &v) {
seed ^= hash_tuple::hash<T>()(v) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2);
}
// Recursive template code derived from Matthieu M.
template <class Tuple, size_t Index = std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value - 1>
struct HashValueImpl {
void operator()(size_t &seed, Tuple const &tuple) const {
HashValueImpl<Tuple, Index - 1>{}(seed, tuple);
hash_combine(seed, std::get<Index>(tuple));
}
};
template <class Tuple> struct HashValueImpl<Tuple, 0> {
void operator()(size_t &seed, Tuple const &tuple) const {
hash_combine(seed, std::get<0>(tuple));
}
};
template <typename... TT> struct hash<std::tuple<TT...>> {
size_t operator()(std::tuple<TT...> const &tt) const {
size_t seed = 0;
HashValueImpl<std::tuple<TT...>>{}(seed, tt);
return seed;
}
};
// auxiliary generic functions to create a hash value using a seed
template <typename T> inline void hash_val(std::size_t &seed, const T &val) {
hash_combine(seed, val);
}
template <typename T, typename... Types>
inline void hash_val(std::size_t &seed, const T &val, const Types &... args) {
hash_combine(seed, val);
hash_val(seed, args...);
}
template <typename... Types>
inline std::size_t hash_val(const Types &... args) {
std::size_t seed = 0;
hash_val(seed, args...);
return seed;
}
struct pair_hash {
template <class T1, class T2>
std::size_t operator()(const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) const {
return hash_val(p.first, p.second);
}
};
} // namespace hash_tuple
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
int main() {
using ll = long long;
// std::unordered_map<std::pair<ll, ll>, ll, hash_tuple::pair_hash>
// hashmapPair; std::unordered_set<std::pair<ll, ll>, hash_tuple::pair_hash>
// hashsetPair;
std::unordered_map<std::pair<ll, ll>, ll, hash_tuple::pair_hash>
hashmapPair;
hashmapPair[{0, 0}] = 10;
std::unordered_set<std::pair<ll, ll>, hash_tuple::pair_hash> hashsetPair;
hashsetPair.insert({1, 1});
using TI = std::tuple<ll, ll, ll, ll>;
std::unordered_map<TI, ll, hash_tuple::hash<TI>> hashmapTuple;
hashmapTuple[{0, 1, 2, 3}] = 10;
std::unordered_set<TI, hash_tuple::hash<TI>> hashsetTuple;
hashsetTuple.emplace(0, 1, 2, 3);
return 0;
}