【发布时间】:2021-09-18 08:55:27
【问题描述】:
我有 C++ 方面的经验,我正在尝试使用该语言学习多线程。 我刚刚编写了以下程序(代码下方的问题)来比较一个一个运行十个函数调用与并行运行的时间效率。
我的四个问题是:
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这是线程库的正确用法吗?时间似乎是合理的,因为线程应该快得多,但我是这个功能的新手,想确定我做得对。如果该程序有任何改进,请告诉我。
-
输出(在代码下方)是预期的吗?线程试图同时打印到控制台,因此在换行之前写入了一些字符或打印了其他值的字符,例如:3 + 5 = 84 + 5 = (new line) 9,而不是3 + 5 = 8(新行)4 + 5 = 9。这种行为是预期的吗?
-
也将不胜感激有关此主题的任何类型的阅读材料或建议!我一直在阅读文章,并计划很快观看一些有关多线程的视频。
-
每次运行的输出时间都不一样。当然这是意料之中的,但有时,多线程运行比逐个函数调用运行慢。这应该发生吗?
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <time.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
void add(int num) {
cout << num << " + 5 = " << num + 5 << endl;
}
int main()
{
int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j;
a = 0;
b = 1;
c = 2;
d = 3;
e = 4;
f = 5;
g = 6;
h = 7;
i = 8;
j = 9;
cout << "Starting timer for no multithreading" << endl;
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point t1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
add(a);
add(b);
add(c);
add(d);
add(e);
add(f);
add(g);
add(h);
add(i);
add(j);
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point t2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
cout << "Stopped timer for no multithreading" << endl;
std::chrono::duration<double> total1 = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(t2 - t1);
cout << "Without multithreading, the ten function calls took: " << total1.count() << " seconds to complete." << endl;
cout << endl << endl;
thread A(add, a);
thread B(add, b);
thread C(add, c);
thread D(add, d);
thread E(add, e);
thread F(add, f);
thread G(add, g);
thread H(add, h);
thread I(add, i);
thread J(add, j);
cout << "Starting timer for multithreading" << endl;
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point t3 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
A.join();
B.join();
C.join();
D.join();
E.join();
F.join();
G.join();
H.join();
I.join();
J.join();
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point t4 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
cout << "Stopped timer for multithreading" << endl;
std::chrono::duration<double> total2 = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(t4 - t3);
cout << "With multithreading, the ten function calls took: " << total2.count() << " seconds to complete." << endl;
//cout << total2 << "seconds" << endl;
return 0;
}
输出是:
Starting timer for no multithreading
0 + 5 = 5
1 + 5 = 6
2 + 5 = 7
3 + 5 = 8
4 + 5 = 9
5 + 5 = 10
6 + 5 = 11
7 + 5 = 12
8 + 5 = 13
9 + 5 = 14
Stopped timer for no multithreading
Without multithreading, the ten function calls took: 0.0016732 seconds to complete.
0 + 5 = 5
1 + 5 = 6
2 + 5 = 7
3 + 5 = 84 + 5 =
9
5 + 5 = 106 + 5 = 11
7 + 5 =
12
8 + 5 = 13
Starting timer for multithreading9 + 5 = 14
Stopped timer for multithreading
With multithreading, the ten function calls took: 5.07e-05 seconds to complete.
提前谢谢你:D
【问题讨论】:
-
更多线程不会自动更快。您只有一个可以显示输出的控制台
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“输出是预期的吗?”。是的。
std::cout不是隐式线程安全的。 -
@DrewDormann 它在单个字符级别上是线程安全的,但这并不能防止输出被打乱
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请专注于一个问题。 3. 离题
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我建议您阅读有关 Amdahl's 和 Gustafson's 的法律。它们对于理解为什么更多线程并不总是更快以及如何充分利用多线程至关重要
标签: c++ multithreading visual-c++ thread-safety