如果你愿意使用 C++11 std::async 和 std::future 来运行你的任务，那么你可以利用 std::future 的 wait_for 函数来检查线程是否仍在运行像这样的巧妙方式：
#include <future>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
/* Run some task on new thread. The launch policy std::launch::async
makes sure that the task is run asynchronously on a new thread. */
auto future = std::async(std::launch::async, [] {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(3s);
return 8;
});
// Use wait_for() with zero milliseconds to check thread status.
auto status = future.wait_for(0ms);
// Print status.
if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
std::cout << "Thread finished" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "Thread still running" << std::endl;
}
auto result = future.get(); // Get result.
}
如果您必须使用std::thread，那么您可以使用std::promise 来获取未来对象：
#include <future>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
// Create a promise and get its future.
std::promise<bool> p;
auto future = p.get_future();
// Run some task on a new thread.
std::thread t([&p] {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(3s);
p.set_value(true); // Is done atomically.
});
// Get thread status using wait_for as before.
auto status = future.wait_for(0ms);
// Print status.
if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
std::cout << "Thread finished" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "Thread still running" << std::endl;
}
t.join(); // Join thread.
}
这两个例子都会输出：
Thread still running
这当然是因为在任务完成之前检查线程状态。
但话又说回来，像其他人已经提到的那样做可能会更简单：
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
std::atomic<bool> done(false); // Use an atomic flag.
/* Run some task on a new thread.
Make sure to set the done flag to true when finished. */
std::thread t([&done] {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(3s);
done = true;
});
// Print status.
if (done) {
std::cout << "Thread finished" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "Thread still running" << std::endl;
}
t.join(); // Join thread.
}
编辑：
还有std::packaged_task 与std::thread 一起使用比使用std::promise 更清洁：
#include <future>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
// Create a packaged_task using some task and get its future.
std::packaged_task<void()> task([] {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(3s);
});
auto future = task.get_future();
// Run task on new thread.
std::thread t(std::move(task));
// Get thread status using wait_for as before.
auto status = future.wait_for(0ms);
// Print status.
if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
// ...
}
t.join(); // Join thread.
}