在进程之间共享条件变量和互斥锁：互斥锁必须先锁定吗？

Question

我需要一些帮助来理解如何在 C 中使用条件变量来解决练习。这是一个小例子：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define OKTOWRITE "/oktowrite"
#define MESSAGE "/message"
#define MUTEX "/lock"

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  pthread_cond_t* condition;
  pthread_mutex_t *mutex;
  char* message;
  int des_cond, des_msg, des_mutex;
  int mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG;

  des_mutex = shm_open(MUTEX, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, mode);

  if (des_mutex < 0)
  {
    perror("failure on shm_open on des_mutex");
    exit(1);
  }

  if (ftruncate(des_mutex, sizeof(pthread_mutex_t)) == -1)
  {
    perror("Error on ftruncate to sizeof pthread_cond_t\n");
    exit(-1);
  }

  mutex = (pthread_mutex_t*) mmap(NULL, sizeof(pthread_mutex_t),
      PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, des_mutex, 0);

  if (mutex == MAP_FAILED )
  {
    perror("Error on mmap on mutex\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL );

  des_cond = shm_open(OKTOWRITE, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, mode);

  if (des_cond < 0)
  {
    perror("failure on shm_open on des_cond");
    exit(1);
  }

  if (ftruncate(des_cond, sizeof(pthread_cond_t)) == -1)
  {
    perror("Error on ftruncate to sizeof pthread_cond_t\n");
    exit(-1);
  }

  condition = (pthread_cond_t*) mmap(NULL, sizeof(pthread_cond_t),
      PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, des_cond, 0);

  if (condition == MAP_FAILED )
  {
    perror("Error on mmap on condition\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  pthread_cond_init(condition, NULL );

  if (!fork())
  {
    sleep(3);
    pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
    pthread_cond_signal(condition);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
    printf("son signaled\n");
    exit(0);
  }
  else
  {
    printf("wait on condition\n");

    pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
    pthread_cond_wait(condition, mutex);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);

    printf("Signaled by son process, wake up\n");

    pthread_mutex_destroy(mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(condition);

    shm_unlink(OKTOWRITE);
    shm_unlink(MESSAGE);
    shm_unlink(MUTEX);

    return 0;
  }
}

问题是进程的父亲一直被锁定，即使在儿子发出信号之后也是如此。一切都在共享内存中（使用shm_open 和mmap），因此两个进程的条件应该相同。 在调用等待或信号之前锁定互斥锁可能会出错吗？

编辑： 感谢所有帮助过我的人。这是标有关键部分的正确代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define OKTOWRITE "/condwrite"
#define MESSAGE "/msg"
#define MUTEX "/mutex_lock"

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

pthread_cond_t* condition;
pthread_mutex_t* mutex;
char* message;
int des_cond, des_msg, des_mutex;
int mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG;

des_mutex = shm_open(MUTEX, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, mode);

if (des_mutex < 0) {
    perror("failure on shm_open on des_mutex");
    exit(1);
}

if (ftruncate(des_mutex, sizeof(pthread_mutex_t)) == -1) {
    perror("Error on ftruncate to sizeof pthread_cond_t\n");
    exit(-1);
}

mutex = (pthread_mutex_t*) mmap(NULL, sizeof(pthread_mutex_t),
        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, des_mutex, 0);

if (mutex == MAP_FAILED ) {
    perror("Error on mmap on mutex\n");
    exit(1);
}

des_cond = shm_open(OKTOWRITE, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, mode);

if (des_cond < 0) {
    perror("failure on shm_open on des_cond");
    exit(1);
}

if (ftruncate(des_cond, sizeof(pthread_cond_t)) == -1) {
    perror("Error on ftruncate to sizeof pthread_cond_t\n");
    exit(-1);
}

condition = (pthread_cond_t*) mmap(NULL, sizeof(pthread_cond_t),
        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, des_cond, 0);

if (condition == MAP_FAILED ) {
    perror("Error on mmap on condition\n");
    exit(1);
}


         /* HERE WE GO */
/**************************************/

    /* set mutex shared between processes */
pthread_mutexattr_t mutexAttr;
pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mutexAttr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
pthread_mutex_init(mutex, &mutexAttr);

/* set condition shared between processes */
pthread_condattr_t condAttr;
pthread_condattr_setpshared(&condAttr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
pthread_cond_init(condition, &condAttr);

    /*************************************/

if (!fork()) {

    sleep(10);

    pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
    pthread_cond_signal(condition);
    printf("son signaled\n");
    pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
    exit(0);
}

else {

    printf("father waits on condition\n");

     pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
     pthread_cond_wait(condition, mutex);
     pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);

     printf("Signaled by son process, wake up!!!!!!!!\n");

    pthread_condattr_destroy(&condAttr);
    pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&mutexAttr);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(condition);

    shm_unlink(OKTOWRITE);
    shm_unlink(MESSAGE);
    shm_unlink(MUTEX);

}

return 0;

}

Answer 1

要在进程之间共享，需要通过正确初始化的属性相应地初始化互斥锁：http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.html

#include <pthread.h>

...

pthread_mutex_t * pmutex = NULL;
pthread_mutexattr_t attrmutex;

/* Initialise attribute to mutex. */
pthread_mutexattr_init(&attrmutex);
pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&attrmutex, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);

/* Allocate memory to pmutex here. */

/* Initialise mutex. */
pthread_mutex_init(pmutex, &attrmutex);

/* Use the mutex. */

/* Clean up. */
pthread_mutex_destroy(pmutex);
pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attrmutex); 

^{（为了本示例的可读性，省略了错误检查）}

这同样适用于应该在进程之间共享的条件变量：http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pthread_condattr_setpshared.html

#include <pthread.h>

...

pthread_cond_t * pcond = NULL;
pthread_condattr_t attrcond;

/* Initialise attribute to condition. */
pthread_condattr_init(&attrcond);
pthread_condattr_setpshared(&attrcond, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);

/* Allocate memory to pcond here. */

/* Initialise condition. */
pthread_cond_init(pcond, &attrcond);

/* Use the condition. */

/* Clean up. */
pthread_cond_destroy(pcond);
pthread_condattr_destroy(&attrcond); 

^{（为了本示例的可读性，省略了错误检查）}

---

另请参阅此答案：https://stackoverflow.com/a/2390670/694576

Answer 2

等待一个条件之前应该有一个while语句，像这样：

pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
while(!conditionSatisfied)
    pthread_cond_wait(condition, mutex);
pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);

while 信号应该通过以下方式完成：

pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
conditionSatisfied = true;
pthread_cond_signal(condition);
pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);

Answer 3

是的，互斥锁必须在pthread_cond_wait 之前锁定，但对于pthread_cond_signal 则不必。如果您回头查看您的代码，您会看到互斥锁将被解锁两次，这是错误的迹象......孩子也有可能在已被父级销毁的互斥锁上调用解锁......

顺便说一句，睡眠并不能保证父级将首先执行。为了确保这一点，您需要...一个条件变量...