C# Asp.net MVC 无法为“IdentityUser”创建 DbSet，因为此类型未包含在上下文模型中。）

Question

我正在尝试为我的项目设置管理员用户 ID。我选择在 startup.cs 程序中执行此操作。我在 startup.cs 中添加了一个名为 CreateUsersAndRoles 的种子方法。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using sbingP3.Data;
using sbingP3.Models;
using sbingP3.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace sbingP3
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

            //Core 2.1
            services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>()
                .AddRoleManager<RoleManager<IdentityRole>>()
                .AddDefaultUI()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

            // Add application services.
            services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, EmailSender>();

            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1); ;
        }

        private async Task CreateUsersAndRoles(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            //Get reference to RoleManager and UserManager from serviceProvider through dependency injection
            var RoleManager = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<RoleManager<IdentityRole>>();
            var UserManager = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<UserManager<IdentityUser>>();

            //Check if admin role exists and if not add it.
            var roleExist = await RoleManager.RoleExistsAsync("Admin");
            if (!roleExist)
            {
                //create the roles and seed them to the database: Question 1  
                await RoleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole("Admin"));
            }

            //Check if admin user exists and if not add it
            IdentityUser user = await UserManager.FindByEmailAsync("admin@aserver.net");

            if (user == null)
            {
                user = new IdentityUser()
                {
                    UserName = "admin@aserver.net",
                    Email = "admin@aserver.net",
                };
                await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, "Password1!");

                //Add user to admin role
                await UserManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, "Admin");
            }
        }


        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseBrowserLink();
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }

            app.UseStaticFiles();

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });

            CreateUsersAndRoles(serviceProvider).Wait();
        }
    }
}

我已经调试了程序，错误出现在我的种子方法中的以下行：

这个相同的代码在同一台机器上的另一个项目中成功执行，所以我认为它可能与我的项目规范有关。我尝试了各种版本的 csproj 文件，但都导致了相同的错误。

我正在使用 ASP.NET Core 2.1。

这是我的 *.csproj 文件：

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">

  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
    <SccProjectName>SAK</SccProjectName>
    <SccProvider>SAK</SccProvider>
    <SccAuxPath>SAK</SccAuxPath>
    <SccLocalPath>SAK</SccLocalPath>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
    <UserSecretsId></UserSecretsId>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="bootstrap" Version="4.1.3" />
    <PackageReference Include="bootstrap.sass" Version="4.1.3" />
    <PackageReference Include="MailKit" Version="2.0.6" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.1.5" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="2.1.4" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="2.1.4" PrivateAssets="All" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design" Version="2.1.5" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

Answer 1

您的 ApplicationDbContext 类是什么样的？

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<IdentityUser>

也许你也可以尝试用这个来编辑你的启动文件？

services.AddDefaultIdentity<ApplicationUser>()

Answer 2

尝试使用这个 ApplicationDbContext。这可能会解决您的问题。

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<IdentityUser, IdentityRole, string>
{
    public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
        : base(options)
    {
    }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(builder);
    }

}