加盐和散列函数不返回任何内容

Question

我发现了一个脚本，其中包含盐、哈希，然后是一些，但我的$password 在我提交表单时返回为原始字符串。这似乎高于我的“薪酬等级”......我的目标是将脚本返回的盐、哈希和其他输出插入到我的数据库中。我什至不确定数据库（MYSQLi）中需要哪些列值。脚本在if($valid)的sql前：

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{$valid = true;

if (empty($_POST["password"]))
{$passwordErr = "Password must be set!"; $Epassword = "nope"; $valid = false;}
if (strpos($_POST["password"], " ") !== false)
{$passwordErr = "No spaces are allowed"; $Epassword = "nope"; $valid = false;}
if(strlen(utf8_decode($_POST['password'])) < 10 || strlen(utf8_decode($_POST['password'])) > 30)
 {$passwordErr = "Password must be between 10 and 30 characters"; $Epassword = "nope"; $valid = false;}
$password = htmlspecialchars($_POST['password']);

$tod = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
$setdate = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("-4 hours", strtotime($tod)));
$today = date("Y-m-d", strtotime("-4 hours", strtotime($tod)));

}

if($valid){

/*
 * Password Hashing With PBKDF2 (http://crackstation.net/hashing-security.htm).
 * Copyright (c) 2013, Taylor Hornby
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 
 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
 * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

// These constants may be changed without breaking existing hashes.
define("PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM", "sha256");
define("PBKDF2_ITERATIONS", 1000);
define("PBKDF2_SALT_BYTE_SIZE", 24);
define("PBKDF2_HASH_BYTE_SIZE", 24);

define("HASH_SECTIONS", 4);
define("HASH_ALGORITHM_INDEX", 0);
define("HASH_ITERATION_INDEX", 1);
define("HASH_SALT_INDEX", 2);
define("HASH_PBKDF2_INDEX", 3);

function create_hash($password)
{
// format: algorithm:iterations:salt:hash
$salt = base64_encode(mcrypt_create_iv(PBKDF2_SALT_BYTE_SIZE, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
return PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM . ":" . PBKDF2_ITERATIONS . ":" .  $salt . ":" .
    base64_encode(pbkdf2(
        PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM,
        $password,
        $salt,
        PBKDF2_ITERATIONS,
        PBKDF2_HASH_BYTE_SIZE,
        true
    ));
}

function validate_password($password, $correct_hash)
{
$params = explode(":", $correct_hash);
if(count($params) < HASH_SECTIONS)
   return false;
$pbkdf2 = base64_decode($params[HASH_PBKDF2_INDEX]);
return slow_equals(
    $pbkdf2,
    pbkdf2(
        $params[HASH_ALGORITHM_INDEX],
        $password,
        $params[HASH_SALT_INDEX],
        (int)$params[HASH_ITERATION_INDEX],
        strlen($pbkdf2),
        true
    )
);
}

// Compares two strings $a and $b in length-constant time.
function slow_equals($a, $b)
{
$diff = strlen($a) ^ strlen($b);
for($i = 0; $i < strlen($a) && $i < strlen($b); $i++)
{
    $diff |= ord($a[$i]) ^ ord($b[$i]);
}
return $diff === 0;
}

/*
* PBKDF2 key derivation function as defined by RSA's PKCS #5: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2898.txt
 * $algorithm - The hash algorithm to use. Recommended: SHA256
 * $password - The password.
 * $salt - A salt that is unique to the password.
 * $count - Iteration count. Higher is better, but slower. Recommended: At least 1000.
 * $key_length - The length of the derived key in bytes.
 * $raw_output - If true, the key is returned in raw binary format. Hex encoded otherwise.
 * Returns: A $key_length-byte key derived from the password and salt.
 *
 * Test vectors can be found here: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6070.txt
 *
 * This implementation of PBKDF2 was originally created by https://defuse.ca
 * With improvements by http://www.variations-of-shadow.com
 */
function pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false)
{
$algorithm = strtolower($algorithm);
if(!in_array($algorithm, hash_algos(), true))
    trigger_error('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid hash algorithm.', E_USER_ERROR);
if($count <= 0 || $key_length <= 0)
    trigger_error('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid parameters.', E_USER_ERROR);

if (function_exists("hash_pbkdf2")) {
    // The output length is in NIBBLES (4-bits) if $raw_output is false!
    if (!$raw_output) {
        $key_length = $key_length * 2;
    }
    return hash_pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output);
}

$hash_length = strlen(hash($algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($key_length / $hash_length);

$output = "";
for($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
    // $i encoded as 4 bytes, big endian.
    $last = $salt . pack("N", $i);
    // first iteration
    $last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true);
    // perform the other $count - 1 iterations
    for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++) {
        $xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true));
    }
    $output .= $xorsum;
}

if($raw_output)
    return substr($output, 0, $key_length);
else
    return bin2hex(substr($output, 0, $key_length));
}

$sqli = @mysqli_connect("host", "db", "pass","empty");
if (mysqli_connect_errno($sqli)) { echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error(); }

mysqli_query($sqli, "INSERT INTO `table`(`password`) VALUES ('$password')");
?>

注意：查询将原始$password 值插入到数据库中。

查询将原始$password 值插入到数据库中。

[注意] @Masoud 回答了我的问题，但我最终使用了 @martinstoeckli 建议的 `password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT)'，如下所示：

if($valid){

$hashed_password = password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

mysqli_query($sqli, "INSERT INTO `table`(`password`) VALUES ('$hashed_password')");

}

Answer 1

它必须将原始 $password 插入数据库，因为您没有从代码的开始到结尾更改 $password。 一种方法是在代码的最后一行之前调用“pbkdf2”函数（在“mysqli_query（...”之前）：

<?php
$hashed_password = pbkdf2(PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM,$password,'dsafdsa',10,5,false)
?>

并像这样更改代码的最后一行：

mysqli_query($sqli, "INSERT INTO `table`(`password`) VALUES ('$hashed_password')");

Answer 2

使用 PHP 的函数password_hash() 可以更轻松地解决这个问题。此函数将返回一个 60 个字符的字符串，包括哈希、盐和成本因子，您可以将此字符串存储到数据库中的单个字段中。要检查存储的哈希，您可以使用函数password_verify()。

// Hash a new password for storing in the database.
// The function automatically generates a cryptographically safe salt.
$hashToStoreInDb = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT);

// Check if the hash of the entered login password, matches the stored hash.
// The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $existingHashFromDb.
$isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($password, $existingHashFromDb);

在您的代码中，您还检查某些条件并使用 htmlspecialchars() 转义密码。这不是必需的，也不应该这样做，对密码有意义的唯一要求是最小长度。转义不是必需的，因为您会将内容提供给散列函数，并且它的输出将始终是安全的（但是对于 SQL 而不是 HTML 输出必须这样做）。 $_POST 中的变量已经被 PHP 解码了。

if (!isset($_POST["password"]) || strlen($_POST["password"]) < 10)
{
  // password is invalid show error message
}

为了防止误解，密码哈希总是在服务器端进行，因此密码将在客户端和服务器之间传输纯文本。处理此问题的常用解决方案是使用 HTTPS，然后 SSL 将在通过 Internet 发送密码之前对其进行加密。