使用 Spock 模拟 Spring Rest 模板

Question

谁能给我一个例子，如何使用 Spock 测试 RestTemplate。 我的课程如下所示：

@Service
public class SomeService {

    @Autowired
    private EndpointUrlProvider endpointUrlProvider;
    private RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

    public SomeResponse doSomePostRequest(HttpEntity<?> httpEntity) throws Exception {
    ResponseEntity<SomeResponse> response;
            try{
                response = restTemplate.postForEntity(endpointUrlProvider.getSomeUrl(),httpEntity,SomeResponse.class);
            } catch (Exception e){
                throw new Exception("Exception occured during post for:" + httpEntity.getBody().getClass().getSimpleName() + " Cause: " + e.getMessage());
            }
            if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
                return response.getBody();
            }
            throw new Exception("Error during " + response.getBody().getClass().getSimpleName() + "Http status is diffrent than 200: " + response.getBody().toString());
        }
    }

测试：

class SomeTest extends Specification {

    RestTemplate restTemplate = Mock {
        postForEntity(_, _, SomeResponse.class) >> new ResponseEntity(new SomeResponse(), HttpStatus.OK)
    }

    @Autowired
    SomeService someService

    def "someTest"() {
        when:
        SomeResponse someResponse = someService.doSomePostRequest(new HttpEntity<>(new SomeBody(), new HttpHeaders()))
        then:
        someResponse == new SomeResponse()
    }
}

主要问题是模拟 RestTemplate 的行为，我正在寻找解决方案如何以正确的方式做到这一点。我不使用弹簧靴。

Answer 1

情况如下：

您在服务类中创建新的RestTemplate。

  private RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

然后您在测试中创建模拟并调用您的服务方法：

    RestTemplate restTemplate = Mock {
            postForEntity(_, _, SomeResponse.class) >> new ResponseEntity(new SomeResponse(), HttpStatus.OK)
        }
                  ....
    someService.doSomePostRequest

但是您的服务内部仍然有通常的休息模板。您应该注入模拟对象。我建议你通过构造函数来做。所以把你的代码改成：

@Service
public class SomeService {

private EndpointUrlProvider endpointUrlProvider;
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

@Autowired
public SomeService(EndpointUrlProvider endpointUrlProvider, RestTemplate restTemplate){
  this.endpointUrlProvider = endpointUrlProvider;
  this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
}

你的测试将是：

class SomeTest extends Specification {

    RestTemplate restTemplate = Mock {
        postForEntity(_, _, SomeResponse.class) >> new ResponseEntity(new SomeResponse(), HttpStatus.OK)
    }

    SomeService someService = new SomeService (  null, restTemplate);

    def "someTest"() {
        when:
        SomeResponse someResponse = someService.doSomePostRequest(new HttpEntity<>(new SomeBody(), new HttpHeaders()))
        then:
        someResponse == new SomeResponse()
    }
}

现在您的服务对象将调用注入 MOCK 的方法，而不是通常的 RestTemplate

附言

构造函数注入被认为是春天的好习惯。

最好创建一个 RestTemplate bean 并将其注入各处，而不是在所有服务中创建新对象。