android espresso 测试失败调用 onview 两次

Question

我正在测试我为 android 编写的代码，我正在使用 JUnit4 和 android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.*。 如果我在之前调用的 android 对象上调用两次 onview，例如 EditText、TexView、Button，就会发生这种情况，否则，我会遇到异常，我不知道我是否缺少某些东西一个bug，如何解决？

onView(withId(R.id.name))
        .perform(typeText(NAME), closeSoftKeyboard());
onView(withId(R.id.surname))
        .perform(typeText(SURNAME), closeSoftKeyboard());
onView(withId(R.id.name))
        .perform(replaceText(NAME), closeSoftKeyboard());

错误日志：

android.support.test.espresso.PerformException: Error performing 'replace text' on view 'with id: com.myapp:id/name'.
    at android.support.test.espresso.PerformException$Builder.build(PerformExceptio 
 n.java:84)

    at android.support.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.getUserFriendlyError(DefaultFailureHandler.java:81)
    at android.support.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.handle(DefaultFailureHandler.java:52)
    at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.waitForAndHandleInteractionResults(ViewInteraction.java:312)
    at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.desugaredPerform(ViewInteraction.java:167)
    at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.perform(ViewInteraction.java:110)
    at com...
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Action will not be performed because the target view does not match one or more of the following constraints:
(is displayed on the screen to the user and is assignable from class: class android.widget.EditText)

布局xml：

   <ScrollView
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_marginTop="68dp"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

    <GridLayout
        android:id="@+id/gridLayout1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:columnCount="2"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:rowCount="9">
   <TextView
            android:id="@+id/nameLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/nomeLabel" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/surnameLabel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/cognomeLabelVal" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/surname"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/saveId"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:enabled="false"
            android:onClick="save"
            android:text="@string/saveName" />
    </GridLayout>

</ScrollView>

Answer 1

根据日志，视图name 不能从EditText 分配。查看ViewActions.replaceText()的文档

您需要为此编写自己的ViewAction。 来自另一个帖子this 和this 创建您自己的ViewAction，如下所示。

public static ViewAction setTextInTextView(final String value){
    return new ViewAction() {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        @Override
        public Matcher<View> getConstraints() {
            return allOf(isDisplayed(), isAssignableFrom(TextView.class));
            //                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
            // To check that the found view is TextView or it's subclass like EditText
            // so it will work for TextView and it's descendants
        }

        @Override
        public void perform(UiController uiController, View view) {
            ((TextView) view).setText(value);
        }

        @Override
        public String getDescription() {
            return "replace text";
        }
    };
}

然后像这样替换你的代码

 onView(withId(R.id.name))
            .perform(setTextInTextView(NAME), closeSoftKeyboard());
 onView(withId(R.id.surname))
            .perform(setTextInTextView(SURNAME), closeSoftKeyboard());
 onView(withId(R.id.name))
            .perform(setTextInTextView(NAME), closeSoftKeyboard());