所以，我最近浏览了所有这些内容，并且恰好拥有您需要的代码。 （另外，我会给你链接一些很棒的书，以获取 pdf 格式的信息。）
因此，它的工作方式是您需要覆盖内存中索引 9h 处的中断向量表。中断向量表只是一个内存地址表，它指向触发中断时要运行的一段代码（这些称为中断处理程序例程或 ISR）。当键盘控制器有扫描码可供使用时触发中断 9h。
无论如何，我们首先需要通过调用 KeyboardInstallDriver() 函数来覆盖旧的 int9h ISR。现在，当 int9h 被触发时，KeyboardIsr() 函数被调用，它从键盘控制器获取扫描码，并根据该值将 keyStates[] 数组中的值设置为 1 (KEY_PRESSED) 或 0 (KEY_RELEASED)从键盘控制器检索到的扫描码。
keyStates[] 数组中的对应值设置好后，可以调用 KeyboardGetKey() 给它你想知道状态的键的扫描码，它会在 keyStates[ ] 数组并返回任何状态。
这里有很多细节，但在这里写得太多了。所有详细信息都可以在我将在此处链接的书籍中找到：
IBM PC Technical Reference、IBM PC XT Technical Reference、
IBM PC AT Technical Reference、Black Art of 3D Game Programming
希望这些链接能保持活跃一段时间。此外，“3D 游戏编程的黑色艺术”一书并不总是在每个小细节上都完全准确。有时会出现拼写错误，有时会出现错误信息，但 IBM Technical References 包含所有详细信息（即使它们有时有点神秘），但它们没有示例代码。使用本书了解总体思路，使用参考资料了解详细信息。
这是我从键盘获取输入的代码：
（对于所有可能的键和某些其他事情，它还没有完全完成，但它对于大多数程序和游戏来说都很好。）
此外，还有一些代码可以处理“扩展”键。扩展键的常规扫描码前缀为 0xE0。这里还有更多疯狂的细节，所以我不打算介绍它，但是，无论如何，有大部分工作的代码。
keyboard.h
#ifndef KEYBOARD_H_INCLUDED
#define KEYBOARD_H_INCLUDED
#include "keyboard_scan_codes.h"
unsigned char KeyboardGetKey(unsigned int scanCode);
void KeyboardClearKeys();
void KeyboardInstallDriver();
void KeyboardUninstallDriver();
void KeyboardDumpScancodeLog();
#endif // KEYBOARD_H_INCLUDED
keyboard.c
#define MAX_SCAN_CODES 256
#define KEYBOARD_CONTROLLER_OUTPUT_BUFFER 0x60
#define KEYBOARD_CONTROLLER_STATUS_REGISTER 0x64
#define KEY_PRESSED 1
#define KEY_RELEASED 0
#define PIC_OPERATION_COMMAND_PORT 0x20
#define KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_VECTOR 0x09
// PPI stands for Programmable Peripheral Interface (which is the Intel 8255A chip)
// The PPI ports are only for IBM PC and XT, however port A is mapped to the same
// I/O address as the Keyboard Controller's (Intel 8042 chip) output buffer for compatibility.
#define PPI_PORT_A 0x60
#define PPI_PORT_B 0x61
#define PPI_PORT_C 0x62
#define PPI_COMMAND_REGISTER 0x63
#include <dos.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include "keyboard.h"
void interrupt (*oldKeyboardIsr)() = (void *)0;
unsigned char keyStates[MAX_SCAN_CODES];
unsigned char keyCodeLog[256] = {0};
unsigned char keyCodeLogPosition = 0;
static unsigned char isPreviousCodeExtended = 0;
unsigned char KeyboardGetKey(unsigned int scanCode)
{
// Check for the extended code
if(scanCode >> 8 == 0xE0)
{
// Get rid of the extended code
scanCode &= 0xFF;
return keyStates[scanCode + 0x7F];
}
else
{
return keyStates[scanCode];
}
}
void KeyboardClearKeys()
{
memset(&keyStates[0], 0, MAX_SCAN_CODES);
}
void interrupt far KeyboardIsr()
{
static unsigned char scanCode;
unsigned char ppiPortB;
_asm {
cli // disable interrupts
};
/* The keyboard controller, by default, will send scan codes
// in Scan Code Set 1 (reference the IBM Technical References
// for a complete list of scan codes).
//
// Scan codes in this set come as make/break codes. The make
// code is the normal scan code of the key, and the break code
// is the make code bitwise "OR"ed with 0x80 (the high bit is set).
//
// On keyboards after the original IBM Model F 83-key, an 0xE0
// is prepended to some keys that didn't exist on the original keyboard.
//
// Some keys have their scan codes affected by the state of
// the shift, and num-lock keys. These certain
// keys have, potentially, quite long scan codes with multiple
// possible 0xE0 bytes along with other codes to indicate the
// state of the shift, and num-lock keys.
//
// There are two other Scan Code Sets, Set 2 and Set 3. Set 2
// was introduced with the IBM PC AT, and Set 3 with the IBM
// PS/2. Set 3 is by far the easiest and most simple set to work
// with, but not all keyboards support it.
//
// Note:
// The "keyboard controller" chip is different depending on
// which machine is being used. The original IBM PC uses the
// Intel 8255A-5, while the IBM PC AT uses the Intel 8042 (UPI-42AH).
// On the 8255A-5, port 0x61 can be read and written to for various
// things, one of which will clear the keyboard and disable it or
// re enable it. There is no such function on the AT and newer, but
// it is not needed anyways. The 8042 uses ports 0x60 and 0x64. Both
// the 8255A-5 and the 8042 give the scan codes from the keyboard
// through port 0x60.
// On the IBM PC and XT and compatibles, you MUST clear the keyboard
// after reading the scancode by reading the value at port 0x61,
// flipping the 7th bit to a 1, and writing that value back to port 0x61.
// After that is done, flip the 7th bit back to 0 to re-enable the keyboard.
//
// On IBM PC ATs and newer, writing and reading port 0x61 does nothing (as far
// as I know), and using it to clear the keyboard isn't necessary.*/
scanCode = 0;
ppiPortB = 0;
ppiPortB = inp(PPI_PORT_B); // get the current settings in PPI port B
scanCode = inp(KEYBOARD_CONTROLLER_OUTPUT_BUFFER); // get the scancode waiting in the output buffer
outp(PPI_PORT_B, ppiPortB | 0x80); // set the 7th bit of PPI port B (clear keyboard)
outp(PPI_PORT_B, ppiPortB); // clear the 7th bit of the PPI (enable keyboard)
// Log scancode
keyCodeLog[keyCodeLogPosition] = scanCode;
if(keyCodeLogPosition < 255)
{
++keyCodeLogPosition;
}
// Check to see what the code was.
// Note that we have to process the scan code one byte at a time.
// This is because we can't get another scan code until the current
// interrupt is finished.
switch(scanCode)
{
case 0xE0:
// Extended scancode
isPreviousCodeExtended = 1;
break;
default:
// Regular scancode
// Check the high bit, if set, then it's a break code.
if(isPreviousCodeExtended)
{
isPreviousCodeExtended = 0;
if(scanCode & 0x80)
{
scanCode &= 0x7F;
keyStates[scanCode + 0x7F] = KEY_RELEASED;
}
else
{
keyStates[scanCode + 0x7F] = KEY_PRESSED;
}
}
else if(scanCode & 0x80)
{
scanCode &= 0x7F;
keyStates[scanCode] = KEY_RELEASED;
}
else
{
keyStates[scanCode] = KEY_PRESSED;
}
break;
}
// Send a "Non Specific End of Interrupt" command to the PIC.
// See Intel 8259A datasheet for details.
outp(PIC_OPERATION_COMMAND_PORT, 0x20);
_asm
{
sti // enable interrupts
};
}
void KeyboardInstallDriver()
{
// Make sure the new ISR isn't already in use.
if(oldKeyboardIsr == (void *)0)
{
oldKeyboardIsr = _dos_getvect(KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_VECTOR);
_dos_setvect(KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_VECTOR, KeyboardIsr);
}
}
void KeyboardUninstallDriver()
{
// Make sure the new ISR is in use.
if(oldKeyboardIsr != (void *)0)
{
_dos_setvect(KEYBOARD_INTERRUPT_VECTOR, oldKeyboardIsr);
oldKeyboardIsr = (void *)0;
}
}
void KeyboardDumpScancodeLog()
{
FILE *keyLogFile = fopen("keylog.hex", "w+b");
if(!keyLogFile)
{
printf("ERROR: Couldn't open file for key logging!\n");
}
else
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
{
fputc(keyCodeLog[i], keyLogFile);
}
fclose(keyLogFile);
}
}
keyboard_scan_codes.h（简单地将所有扫描码定义为qwerty按钮布局）
#ifndef KEYBOARD_SCAN_CODES_H_INCLUDED
#define KEYBOARD_SCAN_CODES_H_INCLUDED
// Original 83 Keys from the IBM 83-key Model F keyboard
#define SCAN_NONE 0x00
#define SCAN_ESC 0x01
#define SCAN_1 0x02
#define SCAN_2 0x03
#define SCAN_3 0x04
#define SCAN_4 0x05
#define SCAN_5 0x06
#define SCAN_6 0x07
#define SCAN_7 0x08
#define SCAN_8 0x09
#define SCAN_9 0x0A
#define SCAN_0 0x0B
#define SCAN_MINUS 0x0C
#define SCAN_EQUALS 0x0D
#define SCAN_BACKSPACE 0x0E
#define SCAN_TAB 0x0F
#define SCAN_Q 0x10
#define SCAN_W 0x11
#define SCAN_E 0x12
#define SCAN_R 0x13
#define SCAN_T 0x14
#define SCAN_Y 0x15
#define SCAN_U 0x16
#define SCAN_I 0x17
#define SCAN_O 0x18
#define SCAN_P 0x19
#define SCAN_LEFT_BRACE 0x1A
#define SCAN_RIGHT_BRACE 0x1B
#define SCAN_ENTER 0x1C
#define SCAN_LEFT_CONTROL 0x1D
#define SCAN_A 0x1E
#define SCAN_S 0x1F
#define SCAN_D 0x20
#define SCAN_F 0x21
#define SCAN_G 0x22
#define SCAN_H 0x23
#define SCAN_J 0x24
#define SCAN_K 0x25
#define SCAN_L 0x26
#define SCAN_SEMICOLON 0x27
#define SCAN_APOSTROPHE 0x28
#define SCAN_ACCENT 0x29
#define SCAN_TILDE 0x29 // Duplicate of SCAN_ACCENT with popular Tilde name.
#define SCAN_LEFT_SHIFT 0x2A
#define SCAN_BACK_SLASH 0x2B
#define SCAN_Z 0x2C
#define SCAN_X 0x2D
#define SCAN_C 0x2E
#define SCAN_V 0x2F
#define SCAN_B 0x30
#define SCAN_N 0x31
#define SCAN_M 0x32
#define SCAN_COMMA 0x33
#define SCAN_PERIOD 0x34
#define SCAN_FORWARD_SLASH 0x35
#define SCAN_RIGHT_SHIFT 0x36
#define SCAN_KP_STAR 0x37
#define SCAN_KP_MULTIPLY 0x37 // Duplicate of SCAN_KP_STAR
#define SCAN_LEFT_ALT 0x38
#define SCAN_SPACE 0x39
#define SCAN_CAPS_LOCK 0x3A
#define SCAN_F1 0x3B
#define SCAN_F2 0x3C
#define SCAN_F3 0x3D
#define SCAN_F4 0x3E
#define SCAN_F5 0x3F
#define SCAN_F6 0x40
#define SCAN_F7 0x41
#define SCAN_F8 0x42
#define SCAN_F9 0x43
#define SCAN_F10 0x44
#define SCAN_NUM_LOCK 0x45
#define SCAN_SCROLL_LOCK 0x46
#define SCAN_KP_7 0x47
#define SCAN_KP_8 0x48
#define SCAN_KP_9 0x49
#define SCAN_KP_MINUS 0x4A
#define SCAN_KP_4 0x4B
#define SCAN_KP_5 0x4C
#define SCAN_KP_6 0x4D
#define SCAN_KP_PLUS 0x4E
#define SCAN_KP_1 0x4F
#define SCAN_KP_2 0x50
#define SCAN_KP_3 0x51
#define SCAN_KP_0 0x52
#define SCAN_KP_PERIOD 0x53
// Extended keys for the IBM 101-key Model M keyboard.
#define SCAN_RIGHT_ALT 0xE038
#define SCAN_RIGHT_CONTROL 0xE01D
#define SCAN_LEFT_ARROW 0xE04B
#define SCAN_RIGHT_ARROW 0xE04D
#define SCAN_UP_ARROW 0xE048
#define SCAN_DOWN_ARROW 0xE050
#define SCAN_NUMPAD_ENTER 0xE01C
#define SCAN_INSERT 0xE052
#define SCAN_DELETE 0xE053
#define SCAN_HOME 0xE047
#define SCAN_END 0xE04F
#define SCAN_PAGE_UP 0xE049
#define SCAN_PAGE_DOWN 0xE051
#define SCAN_KP_FORWARD_SLASH 0xE035
#define SCAN_PRINT_SCREEN 0xE02AE037
#endif // KEYBOARD_SCAN_CODES_H_INCLUDED