对于这个 VS 2013 异常，我可以/应该做些什么吗？

Question

在加载我的 ASP.NET 应用程序/站点时，我收到以下错误消息：“遇到异常。这可能是由扩展引起的。”

然后它说要查看这个文件：

C:\Users\Clay\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0\ActivityLog.xml

...在其中我确实找到了三个可能与问题相关的条目，但它们是“对我来说是希腊语”。由于篇幅庞大，我在这里只包括第一个：

  <entry>
    <record>676</record>
    <time>2013/10/22 13:52:50.109</time>
    <type>Error</type>
    <source>Editor or Editor Extension</source>
    <description>System.ComponentModel.Composition.CompositionException: The composition produced a single composition error, with 2 root causes. The root causes are provided below. Review the CompositionException.Errors property for more detailed information.&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;1) The export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.SVsServiceProvider&apos; is not assignable to type &apos;System.Void&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot set import &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager.VsServiceProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.SVsServiceProvider&quot;)&apos; on part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager.VsServiceProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.SVsServiceProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot get export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager&quot;)&apos; from part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot set import &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider.RegistryManager (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager&quot;)&apos; on part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider.RegistryManager (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot get export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider&quot;)&apos; from part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot set import &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider&quot;)&apos; on part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot get export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider&quot;)&apos; from part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;2) The export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.TagNameProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.ITagNameProvider&quot;)&apos; is not assignable to type &apos;System.Void&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot set import &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet.TagNameProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.ITagNameProvider&quot;)&apos; on part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet.TagNameProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.ITagNameProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot get export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider&quot;)&apos; from part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot set import &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider.TagNameProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider&quot;)&apos; on part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider.TagNameProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;Resulting in: Cannot get export &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider&quot;)&apos; from part &apos;Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&apos;.&#x000D;&#x000A;Element: Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName=&quot;Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider&quot;) --&gt;  Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider&#x000D;&#x000A;&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionServices.GetExportedValueFromComposedPart(ImportEngine engine, ComposablePart part, ExportDefinition definition)&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CatalogExportProvider.GetExportedValue(CatalogPart part, ExportDefinition export, Boolean isSharedPart)&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CatalogExportProvider.CatalogExport.GetExportedValueCore()&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.ComponentModel.Composition.Primitives.Export.get_Value()&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.ComponentModel.Composition.ExportServices.GetCastedExportedValue[T](Export export)&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.ComponentModel.Composition.ExportServices.&lt;&gt;c__DisplayClass4`2.&lt;CreateStronglyTypedLazyOfTM&gt;b__1()&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.Lazy`1.LazyInitValue()&#x000D;&#x000A;   at System.Lazy`1.get_Value()&#x000D;&#x000A;   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.Implementation.TagAggregator`1.GatherTaggers(ITextBuffer textBuffer)</description>
  </entry>

解码错误为：

System.ComponentModel.Composition.CompositionException：合成产生单个合成错误，有 2 个根本原因。下面提供了根本原因。查看 CompositionException.Errors 属性以获取更多详细信息。 1) 导出“Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.SVsServiceProvider”不可分配给“System.Void”类型。 导致：无法在部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared 上设置 import 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager.VsServiceProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.SVsServiceProvider")' .RegistryManager'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager.VsServiceProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.SVsServiceProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager 导致：无法从“Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web”部分导出“Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager")” .Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.RegistryManager 导致：无法在部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript .Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider.RegistryManager (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IRegistryManager") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared .BufferFeatureManagerProvider 导致：无法从“Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web”部分导出“Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider”) .Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.BufferFeatureManagerProvider 导致：无法在部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript .Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider.BufferFeatureManagerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.IBufferFeatureManagerProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification .SPARegionTaggerProvider 导致：无法从部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification 导出'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider")' .SPARegionTaggerProvider'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider 2) 导出 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.TagNameProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.ITagNameProvider")' 不可分配给类型 'System.Void'。 导致：无法在部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web 上设置 import 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet.TagNameProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.ITagNameProvider")' .Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet.TagNameProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.Extensions.HTML.ITagNameProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet 导致：无法从“Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web”部分导出“Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider”) .Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.SPASupportedTagSet 导致：无法在部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript .Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider.TagNameProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Shared.ISPASupportedTagProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification .SPARegionTaggerProvider 导致：无法从部分 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification 导出'Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider")' .SPARegionTaggerProvider'。 元素：Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider (ContractName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IViewTaggerProvider") --> Microsoft.VisualStudio.JavaScript.Web.Extensions.Classification.SPARegionTaggerProvider 在 System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionServices.GetExportedValueFromComposedPart（ImportEngine 引擎，ComposablePart 部分，ExportDefinition 定义） 在 System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CatalogExportProvider.GetExportedValue（CatalogPart 部分，ExportDefinition 导出，布尔 isSharedPart） 在 System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CatalogExportProvider.CatalogExport.GetExportedValueCore() 在 System.ComponentModel.Composition.Primitives.Export.get_Value() 在 System.ComponentModel.Composition.ExportServices.GetCastedExportedValue[T]（导出导出） 在 System.ComponentModel.Composition.ExportServices.c__DisplayClass4`2.b__1() 在 System.Lazy`1.CreateValue() 在 System.Lazy`1.LazyInitValue() 在 System.Lazy`1.get_Value() 在 Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.Implementation.TagAggregator`1.GatherTaggers(ITextBuffer textBuffer)

Answer 1

此错误通常是由缓存的元数据损坏引起的。为什么会发生这种情况我不知道，但清除缓存通常会使 Visual Studio 恢复正常：

• Visual Studio 2013 is unable to open the Test Window

然后，当您安装了 Visual Studio 更新 1、2、3 或 4 并具有针对旧版本构建的其他 Visual Studio 部件（如 Web 工具）时，也会发生此异常。将它们升级到最新版本通常也有很大帮助：

• https://jessehouwing.net/visual-studio-update-to-webtools-20122-to-resolve/