execl 之前的打印在输出中不可见

Question

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)
{
    pid_t Checksum_pid = fork();

    if (Checksum_pid < 0)
        printf("Fork Failed\n");
    else if (Checksum_pid == 0)
    {
    printf("\nInside Child Process before execl");        
    //execl("/bin/sleep", "/bin/sleep", "2", NULL);
    execl("/bin/ls","ls",(char *)NULL) ;
        //exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    printf("\nInside Child Process after execl\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    else
    {
        int childStatus;        
    printf("\nInside Parent Process");
    sleep(5);
    pid_t returnValue = waitpid(Checksum_pid, &childStatus, WNOHANG);

        if (returnValue > 0)
        {
            if (WIFEXITED(childStatus))
                printf("\nChild Exit Code: %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(childStatus));
            else
                printf("\nChild Exit Status: 0x%.4X\n", childStatus);
        }
        else if (returnValue == 0)
            printf("\nChild process still running\n");
        else
        {
            if (errno == ECHILD)
                printf("\nError ECHILD!!\n");
            else if (errno == EINTR)
                printf("\nError EINTR!!\n");
            else
                printf("\nError EINVAL!!\n");
        }
    printf("\nParent: I am about to finish\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

输出：

kth4kor-2:~/bosch/Test1$ ./a.out  a.out  ___waitpid_test1  waitpid_test1~  waitpid_test1.c  waitpid_test1.c~  waitpid_test2.c  waitpid_test2.c~ 
Inside Parent Process Child Exit Code: 0
Parent: I am about to finish

现在，如果我将在父级中删除 sleep(5)，则输出：

kth4kor-2:~/bosch/Test1$ ./a.out 
Inside Parent Process

Child process still running

Parent: I am about to finish

kth4kor@g3gdev-kth4kor-2:~/bosch/Test1$ a.out  ___waitpid_test1  waitpid_test1~  waitpid_test1.c  waitpid_test1.c~  waitpid_test2.c  waitpid_test2.c~

最后，我尝试使用 0 作为 waitpid 而不是 WNOHANG 的第三个参数，然后它给了我下面的输出以及任何孩子的打印：

kth4kor-2:~/bosch/Test1$ ./a.out 
a.out  ___waitpid_test1  waitpid_test1~  waitpid_test1.c  waitpid_test1.c~  waitpid_test2.c  waitpid_test2.c~
Inside Parent Process
Child Exit Code: 0
Parent: I am about to finish

有人可以帮助我了解执行 execl 之后和执行之前进程的行为吗？

Answer 1

请记住，通过printf（到stdout）的输出通常是行缓冲。这意味着输出缓冲区在换行符上被刷新。由于要打印的字符串后面没有换行符，因此不会刷新输出缓冲区。

要么在字符串的最后添加一个换行符，要么使用fflush 手动刷新缓冲区。