已经发布了一些很棒的解决方案。当我遇到这个问题时,我想双向:将枚举转换为描述,将匹配描述的字符串转换为枚举。
我有两种变体,慢速和快速。两者都从枚举转换为字符串和从字符串转换为枚举。我的问题是我有这样的枚举,其中有些元素需要属性,而有些则不需要。我不想将属性放在不需要它们的元素上。我目前总共有大约一百个:
public enum POS
{
CC, // Coordinating conjunction
CD, // Cardinal Number
DT, // Determiner
EX, // Existential there
FW, // Foreign Word
IN, // Preposision or subordinating conjunction
JJ, // Adjective
[System.ComponentModel.Description("WP$")]
WPDollar, //$ Possessive wh-pronoun
WRB, // Wh-adverb
[System.ComponentModel.Description("#")]
Hash,
[System.ComponentModel.Description("$")]
Dollar,
[System.ComponentModel.Description("''")]
DoubleTick,
[System.ComponentModel.Description("(")]
LeftParenth,
[System.ComponentModel.Description(")")]
RightParenth,
[System.ComponentModel.Description(",")]
Comma,
[System.ComponentModel.Description(".")]
Period,
[System.ComponentModel.Description(":")]
Colon,
[System.ComponentModel.Description("``")]
DoubleBackTick,
};
处理这个问题的第一种方法很慢,并且基于我在这里和网络上看到的建议。这很慢,因为我们要针对每次转化进行反思:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace CustomExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// uses extension methods to convert enums with hypens in their names to underscore and other variants
public static class EnumExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Gets the description string, if available. Otherwise returns the name of the enum field
/// LthWrapper.POS.Dollar.GetString() yields "$", an impossible control character for enums
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetStringSlow(this Enum value)
{
Type type = value.GetType();
string name = Enum.GetName(type, value);
if (name != null)
{
System.Reflection.FieldInfo field = type.GetField(name);
if (field != null)
{
System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute attr =
Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(field,
typeof(System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute)) as System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute;
if (attr != null)
{
//return the description if we have it
name = attr.Description;
}
}
}
return name;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts a string to an enum field using the string first; if that fails, tries to find a description
/// attribute that matches.
/// "$".ToEnum<LthWrapper.POS>() yields POS.Dollar
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T ToEnumSlow<T>(this string value) //, T defaultValue)
{
T theEnum = default(T);
Type enumType = typeof(T);
//check and see if the value is a non attribute value
try
{
theEnum = (T)Enum.Parse(enumType, value);
}
catch (System.ArgumentException e)
{
bool found = false;
foreach (T enumValue in Enum.GetValues(enumType))
{
System.Reflection.FieldInfo field = enumType.GetField(enumValue.ToString());
System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute attr =
Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(field,
typeof(System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute)) as System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute;
if (attr != null && attr.Description.Equals(value))
{
theEnum = enumValue;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if( !found )
throw new ArgumentException("Cannot convert " + value + " to " + enumType.ToString());
}
return theEnum;
}
}
}
问题在于您每次都在进行反思。我还没有衡量这样做对性能的影响,但这似乎令人担忧。更糟糕的是,我们重复计算这些昂贵的转换,而不缓存它们。
相反,我们可以使用静态构造函数来使用此转换信息填充一些字典,然后在需要时查找此信息。显然静态类(扩展方法需要)可以有构造函数和字段:)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace CustomExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// uses extension methods to convert enums with hypens in their names to underscore and other variants
/// I'm not sure this is a good idea. While it makes that section of the code much much nicer to maintain, it
/// also incurs a performance hit via reflection. To circumvent this, I've added a dictionary so all the lookup can be done once at
/// load time. It requires that all enums involved in this extension are in this assembly.
/// </summary>
public static class EnumExtensions
{
//To avoid collisions, every Enum type has its own hash table
private static readonly Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<object,string>> enumToStringDictionary = new Dictionary<Type,Dictionary<object,string>>();
private static readonly Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, object>> stringToEnumDictionary = new Dictionary<Type, Dictionary<string, object>>();
static EnumExtensions()
{
//let's collect the enums we care about
List<Type> enumTypeList = new List<Type>();
//probe this assembly for all enums
System.Reflection.Assembly assembly = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
Type[] exportedTypes = assembly.GetExportedTypes();
foreach (Type type in exportedTypes)
{
if (type.IsEnum)
enumTypeList.Add(type);
}
//for each enum in our list, populate the appropriate dictionaries
foreach (Type type in enumTypeList)
{
//add dictionaries for this type
EnumExtensions.enumToStringDictionary.Add(type, new Dictionary<object,string>() );
EnumExtensions.stringToEnumDictionary.Add(type, new Dictionary<string,object>() );
Array values = Enum.GetValues(type);
//its ok to manipulate 'value' as object, since when we convert we're given the type to cast to
foreach (object value in values)
{
System.Reflection.FieldInfo fieldInfo = type.GetField(value.ToString());
//check for an attribute
System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute attribute =
Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(fieldInfo,
typeof(System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute)) as System.ComponentModel.DescriptionAttribute;
//populate our dictionaries
if (attribute != null)
{
EnumExtensions.enumToStringDictionary[type].Add(value, attribute.Description);
EnumExtensions.stringToEnumDictionary[type].Add(attribute.Description, value);
}
else
{
EnumExtensions.enumToStringDictionary[type].Add(value, value.ToString());
EnumExtensions.stringToEnumDictionary[type].Add(value.ToString(), value);
}
}
}
}
public static string GetString(this Enum value)
{
Type type = value.GetType();
string aString = EnumExtensions.enumToStringDictionary[type][value];
return aString;
}
public static T ToEnum<T>(this string value)
{
Type type = typeof(T);
T theEnum = (T)EnumExtensions.stringToEnumDictionary[type][value];
return theEnum;
}
}
}
看看现在的转换方法有多紧。我能想到的唯一缺陷是,这要求所有转换后的枚举都在当前程序集中。另外,我只关心导出的枚举,但如果你愿意,你可以改变它。
这是调用方法的方法
string x = LthWrapper.POS.Dollar.GetString();
LthWrapper.POS y = "PRP$".ToEnum<LthWrapper.POS>();