自动装配在 Junit 测试和 spring @configuration 中失败

Question

我有两个@Configuration 课程。我需要一个从一个配置类到另一个配置类的 bean。我已将配置 1 自动连接到 2。一切正常。执行单元测试时，出现以下异常。

setUpContext(com.trafigura.titan.framework.services.messaging.loader.SpringLoadTest)
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.xxx.MessagingServicesConfig': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; 
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.xxx.EMSJMSConfig com.xxx.MessagingServicesConfig.emsJmsConfig; 
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type[com.xxx.EMSJMSConfig] found for dependency: 
expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

我还需要做些什么才能使其正常工作吗？

下面是测试设置。

@Configuration
@Import({MessagingServicesConfig.class,...,EMSJMSConfig.class
})
public class MessagingConfig {}

@Profile("EMS-MESSAGING")
@Configuration
public class EMSJMSConfig {
    @Bean
    public javax.jms.ConnectionFactory jmsSubscriberConnectionFactory() throws JMSException {
        SingleConnectionFactory singleConnectionFactory = new SingleConnectionFactory(tibjmsConnectionFactory());
        return singleConnectionFactory;
    }
}

@Configuration
public class MessagingServicesConfig {
    @Autowired
    private EMSJMSConfig emsJmsConfig;
    @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
    public MessagingService messagingService() throws JMSException {
        ...
        ConnectionFactory cf=emsJmsConfig.jmsSubscriberConnectionFactory(); // Getting NPE at this line.
    }
}

最后是测试类，

public class MessagingServicesConfigTest {
    private MessagingServicesConfig config;
    private EMSJMSConfig emsJmsConfig;
    @BeforeMethod
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        config = new MessagingServicesConfig();
        ... //what needs to be done here to have the EMSJMSConfig
    }
    @Test
    public void testBuildsCorrectService() throws JMSException {
        MessagingService service = config.messagingService();   
        ...
    }
}

Answer 1

通过调用new，您是在自己创建对象，Spring 对此一无所知。

此外，您应该有一个可以识别您的 bean 的测试配置。

使用适当的Runner 加载SpringContext。

@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestConfig.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
class Tests {

    @Autowired // if needed
    private MessagingServicesConfig config;
}

在TestConfig 中，您可以创建beans 或从应用程序导入配置：

@Configuration
@Import({MessagingServicesConfig.class})
public class TestConfig {}

@Configuration
@Import({EMSJMSConfig.class})
public class MessagingServicesConfig {}

或者你可以直接参考你的配置类：

@ContextConfiguration(classes = {MessagingServicesConfig.class, EMSJMSConfig.class})