带有 Selenium ClassNotFoundException 的 Spring Boot JUnit：org.apache.xml.utils.PrefixResolver

Question

我正在尝试使用 selenium 运行一个简单的测试，但是当我运行我的测试时出现 ClassNotFoundException 并且我不知道要导入什么依赖项来解决这个问题。

我找不到任何与此不同的示例。

我正在使用 Java 8 和 spring-boot 1.5.10.RELEASE

你们能帮帮我吗？

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class VersaoControllerTest extends AbstractTest{

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private WebDriver webDriver;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        this.webDriver.get("/");
    }
}

pom.xml

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

错误：

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.xml.utils.PrefixResolver
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.javascript.configuration.JavaScriptConfiguration.<clinit>(JavaScriptConfiguration.java:407) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.javascript.JavaScriptEngine.<init>(JavaScriptEngine.java:129) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.init(WebClient.java:239) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.<init>(WebClient.java:213) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.<init>(WebClient.java:204) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.web.htmlunit.LocalHostWebClient.<init>(LocalHostWebClient.java:40) ~[spring-boot-test-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration.mockMvcWebClientBuilder(MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration.java:55) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$90ad153.CGLIB$mockMvcWebClientBuilder$0(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$90ad153$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$cf4a3653.invoke(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228) ~[spring-core-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:358) ~[spring-context-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$90ad153.mockMvcWebClientBuilder(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:588) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1173) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1067) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867) ~[spring-context-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543) ~[spring-context-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:122) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:693) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120) ~[spring-boot-test-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) ~[spring-test-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) ~[spring-test-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    ... 27 more

Answer 1

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException

ClassNotFoundException 在 Java 中是 java.lang.Exception 的子类，当 Java 虚拟机 尝试加载特定类但在类路径中找不到请求的类时发生。这是一个已检查的异常，对于可能抛出 ClassNotFoundException 的事件需要显式异常处理方法，方法是使用 try-catch 块或使用 throws 子句。

根据Java Docs，ClassNotFoundException 有以下几种情况：

1. 当我们尝试使用 Class.forName() 方法加载类时，.class 文件或类的二进制文件在类路径中不可用。
2. 当 Classloader 尝试使用 findSystemClass() 方法加载类时。
3. 在 Java 中使用 ClassLoader 类的 loadClass() 方法时。

ClassNotFoundExcepiton 仅在 JVM 尝试在运行时加载类但与编译时无关时才会出现，这与 NoClassDefFoundError 不同。这是因为直到运行时JVM都不知道这个类，它只能通过上面指定的方法或使用Reflection从一些配置中读取类的名称然后加载这些配置文件中指定的类来完成。

---

这个用例

该错误确实提示我们出了什么问题，如下所示：

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.xml.utils.PrefixResolver

根据 pom.xml，您已经清楚地分享了 <version>x.y.z</version> 标记丢失。您需要更改 如下：

• selenium-api

  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-api -->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.10.0</version>
  </dependency>
  

• selenium-htmlunit-driver

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-htmlunit-driver -->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
       <artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
       <version>2.52.0</version>
   </dependency>
  

当您使用 spring-boot 1.5.10 时，您可能还需要添加以下任一 <dependency> ：

• selenium-java

  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
      <version>3.10.0</version>
  </dependency>
  

• selenium-server

  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-server -->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId>
      <version>3.10.0</version>
  </dependency>