如何使用 setuptools 安装在自定义目录中？

Question

我有一个 Python 包需要安装在 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages 或任何其他特定目录中。

每当我运行setup.py 脚本时，它都会给出以下输出：

root@abc44:~/som_dir/plugins/abc$python setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing abcNewPlugin.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to abcNewPlugin.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to abcNewPlugin.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to abcNewPlugin.egg-info/entry_points.txt
reading manifest file 'abcNewPlugin.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'abcNewPlugin.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
running install_lib
warning: install_lib: 'build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7' does not exist -- no Python modules to install

creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
installing scripts to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO/scripts
running install_scripts
running build_scripts
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO/scripts
copying build/scripts-2.7/abc_plugin.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO/scripts
changing mode of build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO/scripts/abc_plugin.py to 775
copying abcNewPlugin.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying abcNewPlugin.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying abcNewPlugin.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying abcNewPlugin.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying abcNewPlugin.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
creating 'dist/abcNewPlugin-0.0-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it
removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing abcNewPlugin-0.0-py2.7.egg
Removing /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/abcNewPlugin-0.0-py2.7.egg
Copying abcNewPlugin-0.0-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
abcNewPlugin 0.0 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Installing abc_plugin.py script to /usr/local/bin

Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/abcNewPlugin-0.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for abcNewPlugin==0.0
Finished processing dependencies for abcNewPlugin==0.0

有没有办法在setuptools中指定包的安装目录？ 我尝试了--install-dir 选项，但它给出了一个错误：

$sudo python setup.py install --install-dir=/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
   or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
   or: setup.py --help-commands
   or: setup.py cmd --help

error: option --install-dir not recognized

我也无法使用--prefix 选项。

Answer 1

由于python setup.py install 命令只是easy_install 的快捷方式，请尝试直接运行它，它有--install-dir 选项：

easy_install . --install-dir /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

您可以通过python setup.py install -h 获得其他可用选项，以防您需要更多选项，但这些选项相当神秘。

Answer 2

--install-lib 设置模块的安装目录

python setup.py install --install-lib /src/lib/

Answer 3

尝试使用--prefix，例如python3 setup.py install --prefix $HOME/destination。 不要忘记更新您的 PYTHONPATH 变量

Answer 4

由于某种原因，--prefix 对我不起作用。目前使用的是 Debian/buster 系统：

% python --version
Python 3.9.2

快速检查：

% apt-get source python3-openslide
% cd openslide-python-1.1.2
% python setup.py install --prefix /tmp/foo
% find /tmp/foo
/tmp/foo
/tmp/foo/lib
/tmp/foo/lib/python3.9
/tmp/foo/lib/python3.9/site-packages
/tmp/foo/lib/python3.9/site-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg

而在我的情况下，我不得不：

% python setup.py install --root /tmp/bar
% find /tmp/bar
/tmp/bar
/tmp/bar/usr
/tmp/bar/usr/local
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/__init__.py
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/deepzoom.py
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/lowlevel.py
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/_version.py
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/__pycache__
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/__pycache__/deepzoom.cpython-39.pyc
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-39.pyc
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/__pycache__/_version.cpython-39.pyc
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/__pycache__/lowlevel.cpython-39.pyc
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide/_convert.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info/top_level.txt
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info/requires.txt
/tmp/bar/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/openslide_python-1.1.2.egg-info/zip-safe