如何在 C# 中快速获取硬件 ID？

Question

我需要在我的程序中将许可证绑定到硬件 ID。我尝试使用 WMI，但它仍然很慢。

例如，我需要 CPU、HDD 和主板信息。

Answer 1

更多详情请参考this link

以下代码将为您提供 CPU ID：

需要命名空间System.Management

var mbs = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select ProcessorId From Win32_processor");
ManagementObjectCollection mbsList = mbs.Get();
string id = "";
foreach (ManagementObject mo in mbsList)
{
    id = mo["ProcessorId"].ToString();
    break;
}

有关硬盘 ID 和主板 ID 的详细信息，请参阅this-link

要加快此过程，请确保您不要使用SELECT *，而只选择您真正需要的。仅在开发期间尝试找出需要使用的内容时才使用SELECT *，因为这样查询将花费更多更长的时间才能完成。

Answer 2

我来到这里寻找同样的东西，我找到了另一个解决方案。如果你们有兴趣，我分享这个课程：

using System;
using System.Management;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
namespace Security
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Generates a 16 byte Unique Identification code of a computer
    /// Example: 4876-8DB5-EE85-69D3-FE52-8CF7-395D-2EA9
    /// </summary>
    public class FingerPrint  
    {
        private static string fingerPrint = string.Empty;
        public static string Value()
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fingerPrint))
            {
                fingerPrint = GetHash("CPU >> " + cpuId() + "\nBIOS >> " + 
            biosId() + "\nBASE >> " + baseId() +
                            //"\nDISK >> "+ diskId() + "\nVIDEO >> " + 
            videoId() +"\nMAC >> "+ macId()
                                     );
            }
            return fingerPrint;
        }
        private static string GetHash(string s)
        {
            MD5 sec = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
            ASCIIEncoding enc = new ASCIIEncoding();
            byte[] bt = enc.GetBytes(s);
            return GetHexString(sec.ComputeHash(bt));
        }
        private static string GetHexString(byte[] bt)
        {
            string s = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; i < bt.Length; i++)
            {
                byte b = bt[i];
                int n, n1, n2;
                n = (int)b;
                n1 = n & 15;
                n2 = (n >> 4) & 15;
                if (n2 > 9)
                    s += ((char)(n2 - 10 + (int)'A')).ToString();
                else
                    s += n2.ToString();
                if (n1 > 9)
                    s += ((char)(n1 - 10 + (int)'A')).ToString();
                else
                    s += n1.ToString();
                if ((i + 1) != bt.Length && (i + 1) % 2 == 0) s += "-";
            }
            return s;
        }
        #region Original Device ID Getting Code
        //Return a hardware identifier
        private static string identifier
        (string wmiClass, string wmiProperty, string wmiMustBeTrue)
        {
            string result = "";
            System.Management.ManagementClass mc = 
        new System.Management.ManagementClass(wmiClass);
            System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (System.Management.ManagementObject mo in moc)
            {
                if (mo[wmiMustBeTrue].ToString() == "True")
                {
                    //Only get the first one
                    if (result == "")
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            result = mo[wmiProperty].ToString();
                            break;
                        }
                        catch
                        {
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        //Return a hardware identifier
        private static string identifier(string wmiClass, string wmiProperty)
        {
            string result = "";
            System.Management.ManagementClass mc = 
        new System.Management.ManagementClass(wmiClass);
            System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (System.Management.ManagementObject mo in moc)
            {
                //Only get the first one
                if (result == "")
                {
                    try
                    {
                        result = mo[wmiProperty].ToString();
                        break;
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        private static string cpuId()
        {
            //Uses first CPU identifier available in order of preference
            //Don't get all identifiers, as it is very time consuming
            string retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "UniqueId");
            if (retVal == "") //If no UniqueID, use ProcessorID
            {
                retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "ProcessorId");
                if (retVal == "") //If no ProcessorId, use Name
                {
                    retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "Name");
                    if (retVal == "") //If no Name, use Manufacturer
                    {
                        retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "Manufacturer");
                    }
                    //Add clock speed for extra security
                    retVal += identifier("Win32_Processor", "MaxClockSpeed");
                }
            }
            return retVal;
        }
        //BIOS Identifier
        private static string biosId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_BIOS", "Manufacturer")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "SMBIOSBIOSVersion")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "IdentificationCode")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "SerialNumber")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "ReleaseDate")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "Version");
        }
        //Main physical hard drive ID
        private static string diskId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "Model")
            + identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "Manufacturer")
            + identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "Signature")
            + identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "TotalHeads");
        }
        //Motherboard ID
        private static string baseId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "Model")
            + identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "Manufacturer")
            + identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "Name")
            + identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "SerialNumber");
        }
        //Primary video controller ID
        private static string videoId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_VideoController", "DriverVersion")
            + identifier("Win32_VideoController", "Name");
        }
        //First enabled network card ID
        private static string macId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration", 
                "MACAddress", "IPEnabled");
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

我不会为此获得任何功劳，因为我找到了它here 它的工作速度比我预期的要快。在没有显卡、mac 和驱动器 ID 的情况下，我在大约 2-3 秒内获得了唯一 ID。加上以上这些，我在大约 4-5 秒内就搞定了。

注意：添加对System.Management的引用。

Answer 3

以下方法的灵感来自this answer 到一个相关（更一般的）问题。

方法是读取注册表项HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography 中的MachineGuid 值。该值是在操作系统安装期间生成的。

使用这种方法解决每台机器的硬件 ID 唯一性的方法很少。一种方法是编辑注册表值，但这会导致用户机器出现问题。另一种方法是克隆一个驱动器映像，该映像将复制MachineGuid 值。

但是，没有一种方法是防黑客的，这对于普通用户来说肯定已经足够了。从好的方面来说，这种方法在性能方面快速且易于实施。

public string GetMachineGuid()
{
   string location = @"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography";
   string name = "MachineGuid";

   using (RegistryKey localMachineX64View = 
       RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, RegistryView.Registry64))
   {
       using (RegistryKey rk = localMachineX64View.OpenSubKey(location))
       {
           if (rk == null)
               throw new KeyNotFoundException(
                   string.Format("Key Not Found: {0}", location));

           object machineGuid = rk.GetValue(name);
           if (machineGuid == null)
               throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(
                   string.Format("Index Not Found: {0}", name));

           return machineGuid.ToString();
       }
   }
}

Answer 4

我们使用来自 Win32_processor 的处理器 ID 号 (ProcessorID) 和来自 Win32_ComputerSystemProduct 的通用唯一标识符 (UUID) 的组合：

ManagementObjectCollection mbsList = null;
ManagementObjectSearcher mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select ProcessorID From Win32_processor");
mbsList = mos.Get();
string processorId = string.Empty;
foreach (ManagementBaseObject mo in mbsList)
{
    processorId = mo["ProcessorID"] as string;
}

mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT UUID FROM Win32_ComputerSystemProduct");
mbsList = mos.Get();
string systemId = string.Empty;
foreach (ManagementBaseObject mo in mbsList)
{
    systemId = mo["UUID"] as string;
}

var compIdStr = $"{processorId}{systemId}";

之前我们使用了一个组合：处理器ID（"Select ProcessorID From Win32_processor"）和主板序列号（"SELECT SerialNumber FROM Win32_BaseBoard"），但后来发现主板的序列号可能没有填写，也可能是用统一的值填充：

• 由 O.E.M. 填写
• 无
• 默认字符串

因此，这种情况值得考虑。

另外请记住，ProcessorID 号码在不同的计算机上可能相同。

Answer 5

我重构了 Alex Sutu 方法，使其代码更快更简单：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Management;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace Test
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Generates a Guid based on the current computer hardware
    /// Example: C384B159-8E36-6C85-8ED8-6897486500FF
    /// </summary>
    public class SystemGuid
    {
        private static string _systemGuid = string.Empty;
        public static string Value()
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_systemGuid))
            {
                var lCpuId = GetCpuId();
                var lBiodId = GetBiosId();
                var lMainboard = GetMainboardId();
                var lGpuId = GetGpuId();
                var lMac = GetMac();
                var lConcatStr = $"CPU: {lCpuId}\nBIOS:{lBiodId}\nMainboard: {lMainboard}\nGPU: {lGpuId}\nMAC: {lMac}";
                _systemGuid = GetHash(lConcatStr);
            }
            return _systemGuid;
        }
        private static string GetHash(string s)
        {
            try
            {
                var lProvider = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
                var lUtf8 = lProvider.ComputeHash(ASCIIEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s));
                return new Guid(lUtf8).ToString().ToUpper();
            }
            catch (Exception lEx)
            {
                return lEx.Message;
            }
        }

        #region Original Device ID Getting Code
    
        //Return a hardware identifier
        private static string GetIdentifier(string pWmiClass, List<string> pProperties)
        {
            string lResult = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                foreach (ManagementObject lItem in new ManagementClass(pWmiClass).GetInstances())
                {
                    foreach (var lProperty in pProperties)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            switch(lProperty)
                            {
                                case "MACAddress":
                                    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lResult) == false)
                                        return lResult; //Return just the first MAC

                                    if (lItem["IPEnabled"].ToString() != "True")
                                        continue;
                                break;
                            }                                

                            var lItemProperty = lItem[lProperty];
                            if (lItemProperty == null)
                                continue;

                            var lValue = lItemProperty.ToString();
                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lValue) == false)
                                lResult += $"{lValue}; ";
                        }
                        catch { }
                    }

                }
            }
            catch{}
            return lResult.TrimEnd(' ', ';');
        }

        private static List<string> ListOfCpuProperties = new List<string>{ "UniqueId", "ProcessorId", "Name", "Manufacturer" };

        private static string GetCpuId()
        {
            return GetIdentifier("Win32_Processor", ListOfCpuProperties);
        }

        private static List<string> ListOfBiosProperties = new List<string> { "Manufacturer", "SMBIOSBIOSVersion", "IdentificationCode", "SerialNumber", "ReleaseDate", "Version" };
        //BIOS Identifier
        private static string GetBiosId()
        {
            return GetIdentifier("Win32_BIOS", ListOfBiosProperties);
        }

        private static List<string> ListOfMainboardProperties = new List<string> { "Model", "Manufacturer", "Name", "SerialNumber" };
        //Motherboard ID
        private static string GetMainboardId()
        {
            return GetIdentifier("Win32_BaseBoard", ListOfMainboardProperties);
        }

        private static List<string> ListOfGpuProperties = new List<string> { "Name" };
        //Primary video controller ID
        private static string GetGpuId()
        {
            return GetIdentifier("Win32_VideoController", ListOfGpuProperties);
        }

        private static List<string> ListOfNetworkProperties = new List<string> { "MACAddress" };
        private static string GetMac()
        {
            return GetIdentifier("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration", ListOfNetworkProperties);
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

Answer 6

Here 是一个 DLL，它显示：
* 硬盘ID（硬盘IDE电子芯片中写入的唯一硬件序列号）
* 分区 ID（卷序列号）
* CPU ID（唯一硬件 ID）
* CPU 供应商
* CPU 运行速度
* CPU 理论速度
* 内存负载（总内存使用百分比 (%)）
* 总物理内存（以字节为单位的总物理内存）
* 可用物理（以字节为单位的物理内存）
* 总页面文件（总页面文件，以字节为单位）
* 可用的页面文件（页面文件以字节为单位）
* Total Virtual（总虚拟内存，以字节为单位）
* 可用虚拟（剩余的虚拟内存以字节为单位）
* Bios 唯一标识号BiosDate
* Bios 唯一标识号BiosVersion
* Bios 唯一标识号BiosProductID
* Bios 唯一标识号BiosVideo

（从原始网站抓取的文字）
它适用于 C#。