未找到请求的合同。确保源代码可用于编译

Question

我正在使用“@openzeppelin/truffle-upgrades”插件来创建可升级合约。第一次这样做并以他们在其上的网站文章为基础。 https://docs.openzeppelin.com/learn/upgrading-smart-contracts

一切编译正确，但每当我迁移“未找到请求的合约。确保源代码可用于编译”或查看此屏幕截图https://gyazo.com/f4b8d8afea69b67965670b520e48db13

这是我的代码

// contracts/Box.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract Box is Ownable {

    uint256 private value;

    // Emitted when the stored value changes
    event ValueChanged(uint256 _value);

    // Store a new value in the contract, only the owner can call this
    function store(uint256 _value) public onlyOwner {
        value = _value;
        emit ValueChanged(_value);
    }

    // Retrieve the last stored value
    function retrieve() public view returns(uint256) {
        return value;
    }

}

// migrations/2_deploy.js
const Box = artifacts.require('Box');

module.exports = async function (deployer) {
  await deployer.deploy(Box);
};

// migrations/3_deploy_upgradeable_box.js
const { deployProxy } = require('@openzeppelin/truffle-upgrades');

const Box = artifacts.require('Box');

module.exports = async function (deployer) {
    await deployProxy(Box, [42], { deployer, initializer: 'store' });
  };

Truffle 配置文件如下

/**
 * Use this file to configure your truffle project. It's seeded with some
 * common settings for different networks and features like migrations,
 * compilation and testing. Uncomment the ones you need or modify
 * them to suit your project as necessary.
 *
 * More information about configuration can be found at:
 *
 * trufflesuite.com/docs/advanced/configuration
 *
 * To deploy via Infura you'll need a wallet provider (like @truffle/hdwallet-provider)
 * to sign your transactions before they're sent to a remote public node. Infura accounts
 * are available for free at: infura.io/register.
 *
 * You'll also need a mnemonic - the twelve word phrase the wallet uses to generate
 * public/private key pairs. If you're publishing your code to GitHub make sure you load this
 * phrase from a file you've .gitignored so it doesn't accidentally become public.
 *
 */

const HDWalletProvider = require('@truffle/hdwallet-provider');
const { mnemonic } = require('./secrets.json');

module.exports = {
  /**
   * Networks define how you connect to your ethereum client and let you set the
   * defaults web3 uses to send transactions. If you don't specify one truffle
   * will spin up a development blockchain for you on port 9545 when you
   * run `develop` or `test`. You can ask a truffle command to use a specific
   * network from the command line, e.g
   *
   * $ truffle test --network <network-name>
   */

  networks: {
    // Useful for testing. The `development` name is special - truffle uses it by default
    // if it's defined here and no other network is specified at the command line.
    // You should run a client (like ganache-cli, geth or parity) in a separate terminal
    // tab if you use this network and you must also set the `host`, `port` and `network_id`
    // options below to some value.
    //
    development: {
     host: "127.0.0.1",     // Localhost (default: none)
     port: 7545,            // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
     network_id: "*",       // Any network (default: none)
    },
    // Another network with more advanced options...
    // advanced: {
    // port: 8777,             // Custom port
    // network_id: 1342,       // Custom network
    // gas: 8500000,           // Gas sent with each transaction (default: ~6700000)
    // gasPrice: 20000000000,  // 20 gwei (in wei) (default: 100 gwei)
    // from: <address>,        // Account to send txs from (default: accounts[0])
    // websocket: true        // Enable EventEmitter interface for web3 (default: false)
    // },
    // Useful for deploying to a public network.
    // NB: It's important to wrap the provider as a function.
    // rinkeby: {
    // provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, `https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/fc9b1925f04c4be5b27288d3f016b054`),
    // network_id: 4,       // Ropsten's id
    // gas: 5500000,        // Ropsten has a lower block limit than mainnet
    // confirmations: 2,    // # of confs to wait between deployments. (default: 0)
    // timeoutBlocks: 200,  // # of blocks before a deployment times out  (minimum/default: 50)
    // skipDryRun: true     // Skip dry run before migrations? (default: false for public nets )
    // },
    // Useful for private networks
    // private: {
    // provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, `https://network.io`),
    // network_id: 2111,   // This network is yours, in the cloud.
    // production: true    // Treats this network as if it was a public net. (default: false)
    // }
  },

  // Set default mocha options here, use special reporters etc.
  mocha: {
    // timeout: 100000
  },

  // Configure your compilers
  compilers: {
    solc: {
      version: "0.8.4"    // Fetch exact version from solc-bin (default: truffle's version)
      // docker: true,        // Use "0.5.1" you've installed locally with docker (default: false)
      // settings: {          // See the solidity docs for advice about optimization and evmVersion
      //  optimizer: {
      //    enabled: false,
      //    runs: 200
      //  },
      //  evmVersion: "byzantium"
      // }
    }
  },

  // Truffle DB is currently disabled by default; to enable it, change enabled: false to enabled: true
  //
  // Note: if you migrated your contracts prior to enabling this field in your Truffle project and want
  // those previously migrated contracts available in the .db directory, you will need to run the following:
  // $ truffle migrate --reset --compile-all

  db: {
    enabled: false
  }
};

请指导我正确的方向，谢谢。

Answer 1

让我们看看回溯，看看我们可以从中弹出什么。

错误源于此文件：

它是由 openzeppelin 合约触发的。

这会将我们重定向到“3_deploy_upgradable_box.js”中的这一行

...
const Box = artifacts.require('Box');

module.exports = async function (deployer) {
    await deployProxy(Box, [42], { deployer, initializer: 'store' }); // Error originated in this line
  };

那么也许，truffle 没有正确获取您的 Box 合约？尝试在 truffle 配置中指定 contracts 目录：

...
contracts_directory: './contracts/',
...

还可以尝试控制台记录Box 和其他变量，可能会为问题带来一些启示。

Answer 2

这个错误似乎源于几个不同的项目。

1. OpenZeppelin 在具有 Solidity 版本 0.8.2 see this answer 的 Windows 上存在问题。我升级到 Solidity 0.8.3 版，一切顺利。
2. 才发现上面的问题，因为我把第三个迁移合同（3_deploy_ugradeable_box.js）中的单括号改成了引号。

这个：

const Box = artifacts.require('Box');

到这里：

const Box = artifacts.require("Box");

从那里，它找到了 Box 合约，并引发了另一个错误，即需要确保合约被初始化一次且仅一次，然后将我带到Initializable helper found in the contracts-upgradeable package.

此时，我从 Box 合约中丢弃了 Ownable 继承，因为它会导致 Initializable 继承出现问题。 Box 合约现在逐字逐句地显示在本教程页面中，但 Initializable 部分除外。

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity ^0.8.3;

//Import ownable from the OpenZeppelin Contracts library
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

contract Box is Initializable{
    uint256 private _value;

    function initialize() public initializer {
        _value = 0;
    }

    // Emitted when the stored value changes
    event ValueChanged(uint256 value);

    // Stores a new value in the contract
    function store(uint256 value) public {
        _value = value;
        emit ValueChanged(value);
    }

    // Reads the last stored value
    function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _value;
    }
}

BoxV2 合约应该看起来相似，除了增加了增量函数。

我怀疑我的初始化函数是否完美，但这应该可以让您顺利完成本教程的其余部分。