Java - 盒子布局

Question

我正在使用 BoxLayout 来定位我的服务器 GUI 的 GUI 元素。我的 JLabels 发生了一件奇怪的事情。我想知道为什么当我将一个字符串附加到我的 JTextArea 时，JLabels 会从它们的原始位置移动。所以第一个数字是正确位置的 JLabels。第二张图片是倾斜的 JLabels

图 1

图2

以下是服务器 GUI 的代码

GUI.java

package serverGUI;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;

public class GUI extends JFrame{

    public JTextArea serverInfo;
    public JButton serverRunningState;
    public JLabel serverConnectionStatus = new JLabel(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_SERVER_STATUS);
    public JLabel serverInfoLabel = new JLabel(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_SERVER_EVENT_LABEL);

    public GUI(){
        super("Yahtzee Game Server");

        //set the server online/off-line status to default color
        serverConnectionStatus.setForeground(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_SERVER_STATUS_COLOR);

        //create the server events text area. It will hold all info
        //about server events including client connections/disconnections
        serverInfo = new JTextArea();
        serverInfo.setEditable(false);
        serverInfo.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(350, 450));

        //create the connect/disconnect button. Will be connect when server 
        //is not connected and disconnect when server is connected
        serverRunningState = new JButton();
        serverRunningState.setText("Run Server");

        //Create JPanel with box layout
        JPanel guiPanel = new JPanel();
        guiPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(guiPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));

        //add components to panel
        guiPanel.add(serverInfoLabel);
        guiPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
        guiPanel.add(serverInfo);
        guiPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
        guiPanel.add(serverConnectionStatus);

        //create a bit of space around components so they get away from edges
        guiPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10,10,10,10));

        //add panel to frame
        add(guiPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //create new panel for buttons
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(buttonPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));

        //add connection button
        serverRunningState.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
        buttonPanel.add(serverRunningState);
        buttonPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
        //add panel to frame
        add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        //set size, do not allow resize and show
        setSize(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, GUIConfig.DEFUALT_FRAME_HEIGHT);
        setResizable(false);
        setVisible(true);

        //set it to terminate frame on exit
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        GUI g = new GUI();
    }
}

ActionListener 代码 (ServerController.java)：

package serverController;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import serverGUI.GUI;
import serverModel.AppServer;
import serverModel.Config;

public class ServerController {

    public AppServer server;
    public GUI serverGUI;

    public ServerController() {
        super();

        //create the view and add an action listener to know when run server
        //button is pressed
        serverGUI = new GUI();

        //add action listener on run server button
        serverGUI.serverRunningState.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
                {
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        //start server and disable run server button. change its text to server running
                        server = new AppServer(Config.DEFAULT_PORT);

                        if(server.isRunning() == true){
                            serverGUI.serverRunningState.setEnabled(false);
                            serverGUI.serverRunningState.setText("Server Running");
                            serverGUI.serverInfo.append("Server started!\nWaiting for new clients...\n\n");
                            serverGUI.serverInfo.setLineWrap(true);

                            //change JLabel to "Server Online" from "Server Off-line"
                            serverGUI.serverConnectionStatus.setText("Server Online");
                            serverGUI.serverConnectionStatus.setForeground(Color.GREEN);
                        }
                    }
                });
    }

    public void updateServerEventLog() {}

    private void checkServerStatus(AppServer s) {

    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        ServerController sController = new ServerController();
    }

}

Answer 1

这种行为的原因是，一旦您向JTextArea 添加了某些内容，就必须重新绘制整个JPanel。而且由于您没有明确设置对齐方式，Swing 会将其对齐到中心，从而弄乱您的 UI。

您需要使用BoxLayout 明确指定JPanel 内所有组件的对齐方式：

    //add components to panel
    serverInfoLabel.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT);
    guiPanel.add(serverInfoLabel);
    guiPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
    serverInfo.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT);
    guiPanel.add(serverInfo);
    guiPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
    serverConnectionStatus.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT);
    guiPanel.add(serverConnectionStatus);

添加后应该可以工作了。

Answer 2

所以，虽然Crazyjavahacking's answer 直截了当，但我想补充一些内容。但在此之前，您可能还想看看使用BoxLayout 的“官方”教程，甚至可能是BoxLayout JavaDoc。请记住，在这种情况下，JavaDocs、Google 和搜索 SO 可能是您最好的朋友 :)。

更新：另外，在运行 Swing 应用程序时：Swing Single Threading Rule

我不敢相信我错过了一件重要的事情，主要是因为过去几周我一直在使用 Swing 界面。这是一个答案的链接，它比我能更好地解释它：EDT: Event Dispatching Thread。

关于我的补充...

首先，您使用GUI 类和ServerController 类的方式存在许多问题。首先，声明所有字段public 是一个糟糕的主意。它不仅不受欢迎，而且打破了 Java 和一般面向对象编程所依据的一个非常基本的原则，称为 Encapsulation。 我提供了一个指向该主题的短文的链接，并且SO上有很多很多帖子，整个互联网都涵盖了它，所以我不打算在这里介绍它。我觉得另一个问题是你在GUI 类中扩展了JFrame。我知道到处都有很多教程和示例说明了这一点，但是为了将来的参考，一般来说，这样做并不是一个好主意。另外，我觉得您可能需要重新考虑选择字段名称。例如，调用服务器启动按钮serverRunningState 并不是最好的名称选择。在我下面提供的代码中，它会在以后引起混乱。考虑为您的组件命名，在本例中为serverStartButton。该名称既告诉我组件的作用和它是什么，所以以后变得困惑的可能性较小，或者必须返回并找到声明以了解我正在处理的内容。

考虑到这两点，我花时间快速重写了您的课程。阅读下面的代码，直到你理解为止。我冒昧地猜测您的应用程序主要是以这两个类的方式编写的，因此您很可能无法简单地将它们放到适当的位置并让它们工作。但请花点时间了解这里发生了什么以及为什么，这将有助于使您未来的工作变得更好。

值得注意的是，这些重写在任何意义上都不是彻底的。我主要解决了使用公共字段的问题。其余的将由您来纠正和改进：

GUI 类：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class GUI implements Runnable{

public GUI(){
    private JFrame frame = new JFrame("Yahtzee Game Server");

    //set the server online/off-line status to default color
    private JLabel serverConnectionStatus = new JLabel(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_SERVER_STATUS);
    serverConnectionStatus.setForeground(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_SERVER_STATUS_COLOR);

    //create the server events text area. It will hold all info
    //about server events including client connections/disconnections
    private JTextArea serverInfo = new JTextArea();
    serverInfo.setEditable(false);
    serverInfo.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(350, 450));

    //create the connect/disconnect button. Will be connect when server
    //is not connected and disconnect when server is connected
    private JButton serverRunningState = new JButton();
    serverRunningState.setText("Run Server");

    //Create JPanel with box layout
    private JPanel guiPanel = new JPanel();
    guiPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(guiPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));

    //add components to panel
    private JLabel serverInfoLabel = new JLabel(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_SERVER_EVENT_LABEL);
    guiPanel.add(serverInfoLabel);
    guiPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
    serverInfo.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); // Fixed the actual problem
    guiPanel.add(serverInfo);
    guiPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
    serverConnectionStatus.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); // Fixed the actual problem
    guiPanel.add(serverConnectionStatus);

    //create a bit of space around components so they get away from edges
    guiPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10,10,10,10));

    //add panel to frame
    frame.add(guiPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

    //create new panel for buttons
    JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
    buttonPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(buttonPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));

    //add connection button
    serverRunningState.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    buttonPanel.add(serverRunningState);
    buttonPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,5)));
    //add panel to frame
    frame.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

    // Add ActionListener 
    serverRunningState.addActionListener(new ServerController(
        serverRunningState, serverInfo, serverInfoLabel, serverConnectionStatus
    ));

    //set size, do not allow resize and show
    frame.setSize(GUIConfig.DEFAULT_FRAME_WIDTH, GUIConfig.DEFUALT_FRAME_HEIGHT);
    frame.setResizable(false);
    frame.setVisible(true);

    //set it to terminate frame on exit
    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

@Override
public void run() {
    // It seems to me folks like to include the code that sets the size,
    // close option, frame visibility, etc, here. But I don't believe it
    // necessary. However, any Swing gui you create needs to implement
    // Runnable and be instantiated in the manner shown in main().
    // See: https://bitguru.wordpress.com/2007/03/21/will-the-real-swing-single-threading-rule-please-stand-up/
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
    //SwingUtilities.invokeLater() is another method aside from EventQueue.invokeLater()
    SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new GUI());
}
}

动作监听器

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class ServerController implements ActionListener {
private JTextArea serverInfo;
private JLabel serverRunningState;
private JLabel serverConnectionStatus;
private JButton serverStartButton;

public ServerController(JButton serverStartButton,
                        JTextArea serverInfo,
                        JLabel serverRunningState,
                        JLabel serverConnectionStatus) {
    this.serverInfo = serverInfo;
    this.serverRunningState = serverRunningState;
    this.serverConnectionStatus = serverConnectionStatus;
    this.serverStartButton = serverStartButton;
}

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    server = new AppServer(Config.DEFAULT_PORT);

    if (server.isRunning()) { /* If this method is a boolean, putting
                                 (server.isRunning() == true) is pointless.
                                 It will either return true or not. */
        serverStartButton.setEnabled(false);
        serverStartButton.setText("Server Running");
        serverInfo.append(
            "Server started!\nWaiting for new clients...\n\n");
        serverInfo.setLineWrap(true);

        //change JLabel to "Server Online" from "Server Off-line"
        serverConnectionStatus.setText("Server Online");
        serverConnectionStatus.setForeground(Color.GREEN);
    }
}
}