如何排除旧版本的maven依赖并使用它的新版本？

Question

我正在使用 Maven 项目，我有两个项目，ProjectA 和 ProjectB。我的ProjectA 是一个maven 库，它的pom 看起来像这样：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.texture.partial</groupId>
        <artifactId>PartialPlatform</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5-RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.texture.transform.golden</groupId>
    <artifactId>SampleClient</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.4</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.partial.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>PartialKernel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.webres</groupId>
            <artifactId>WebResPartial</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.kernel</groupId>
            <artifactId>TextureServer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.kernel</groupId>
            <artifactId>Kernel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.v3jars.Houston</groupId>
            <artifactId>KernelDAL</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.kernel</groupId>
            <artifactId>uKernel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.kernel</groupId>
            <artifactId>uKernelCore</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles</groupId>
            <artifactId>org.apache.servicemix.bundles.cglib</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.partial.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>ConfigWeb</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.texture.partial.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>PartialWeb</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.googlecode.jmockit</groupId>
            <artifactId>jmockit</artifactId>
            <version>1.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <argLine>-javaagent:"${settings.localRepository}"/com/googlecode/jmockit/jmockit/1.7/jmockit-1.7.jar</argLine>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <instrumentation>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>**/test/**/*.class</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </instrumentation>
                    <formats>
                        <format>xml</format>
                        <format>html</format>
                    </formats>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

在我上面的 pom 中，PartialKernel 带来了各种 Spring Framework 依赖项的旧版本，例如 spring-core、spring-web。它带来了3.2.8.RELEASE 版本，我想使用这两个弹簧框架的最新版本，即4.1.6.RELEASE。排除来自PartialKernel 的旧版本spring-core 和spring-web 并使用最新版本的正确方法是什么？

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

我需要使用最新版本，因为有些课程只有最新版本。

Answer 1

依赖项所需的库版本与您要使用的库版本之间可能存在不兼容的差异。如果你乐于承担​​这个风险，你可以使用 maven exclusions 来忽略传递依赖。

例如，您可以通过添加以下内容来排除spring-core 被PartialKernel 引入：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.texture.partial.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>PartialKernel</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

请注意，您必须为每个引入 spring 依赖项的依赖项执行此操作。

现在在顶级 pom dependency management 部分定义您要使用的 spring-core 的版本：

<dependencyManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>