将 Spring 3.0.0 基于 java 的 IOC 添加到 JUnit 4.7 测试答案

【问题标题】：Add Spring 3.0.0 java based IOC to JUnit 4.7 tests将 Spring 3.0.0 基于 java 的 IOC 添加到 JUnit 4.7 测试
【发布时间】：2010-02-09 11:59:49
【问题描述】：

有一个文档http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.5.6/reference/testing.html how to add IoC support to junit testing using xml-configuration，但我找不到基于 java 的配置示例...

例如，我有基于 java 的 bean：

public class AppConfig
{
    @Bean
    public Test getTest() { return new Test(); }
}

并测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class IocTest
{
    @Autowired
    private Test test;

    @Test
    public void testIoc()
    {
        Assert.assertNotNull(test);
    }
}

在不使用 xml-configs 的情况下，我应该添加什么以在我的 junit 测试中启用基于 java 的 bean？

我通常使用：

new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

但它不适用于测试...

【问题讨论】：

标签： java spring junit

【解决方案1】：

更新：Spring 3.1 将立即支持它，请参阅Spring 3.1 M2: Testing with @Configuration Classes and Profiles。

Spring 似乎还不支持此功能。但是，它很容易实现：

public class AnnotationConfigContextLoader implements ContextLoader {

    public ApplicationContext loadContext(String... locations) throws Exception {
        Class<?>[] configClasses = new Class<?>[locations.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) {
            configClasses[i] = Class.forName(locations[i]);
        }        
        return new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(configClasses);
    }

    public String[] processLocations(Class<?> c, String... locations) {
        return locations;
    }
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, 
    value = "com.sample.AppConfig")
public class IocTest {
    @Autowired
    TestSerivce service;

    @Test
    public void testIoc()
    {
        Assert.assertNotNull(service.getPredicate());
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ApplicationConfig
{
    ...

    @Bean
    public NotExistsPredicate getNotExistsPredicate()
    {
        return new NotExistsPredicate();
    }

    @Bean
    public TestService getTestService() {
        return new TestService();
    }
}

【讨论】：

谢谢，但仍然无法正常工作...我的测试类：pastebin.com/m4125a931，ApplicationConfig：pastebin.com/m2842d2a1，TestService：pastebin.com/m1ac16e48。然后我单击 NetBeans“测试文件”并获得断言失败 (assertNotNull) 和此日志：pastebin.com/mad10742。能给点建议吗？
@Vladimir：您不能简单地使用 new 创建自动装配对象。它应该从上下文中获得。我添加了一个示例，说明如何使用 @Bean-annotated 注释配置上下文的方法创建 TestService。

【解决方案2】：

如果你得到一个空值，可能它没有加载应用程序上下文。

请注意，默认情况下，运行程序会从“classpath:/com/test/IocTest-context.xml”加载它（假设 IocTest.java 包是 com.test）

如果不存在，请尝试通过添加来指定它

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "PATH_TO_YOUR_APP_CONTEXT/yourApplicationContext.xml" })
public class IocTest
{
    @Autowired
    private Test test;

    @Test
    public void testIoc()
    {
        Assert.notNull("test is null", test);
    }
}

【讨论】：

我想在没有任何 xml 配置的情况下使用基于 java 的配置来配置 ApplicationContext。有一个有问题的示例（AppConfig 类）。

【解决方案3】：

通常，为什么这不起作用（断言失败）：

public class IocTest
{
    @BeforeClass
    public static void initSpringIoc()
    {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfig.class);
        NotExistsPredicate predicate = ctx.getBean(NotExistsPredicate.class);
        LoggerFactory.getLogger(IocTest.class).debug(predicate.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testIoc()
    {
        TestService service = new TestService();
        Assert.assertNotNull(service.getPredicate()); // assert fails
    }
}

public class TestService
{
    @Autowired
    private NotExistsPredicate predicate;

    public NotExistsPredicate getPredicate()
    {
        return predicate;
    }
}

日志输出：

1    [main] INFO  org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext  - Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@e94e92: startup date [Tue Feb 09 15:32:48 EET 2010]; root of context hierarchy
2    [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext  - Bean factory for org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@e94e92: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@a37368: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,applicationConfig]; root of factory hierarchy
33   [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
33   [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
84   [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Eagerly caching bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor' to allow for resolving potential circular references
87   [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Finished creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
129  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader  - Registering bean definition for @Bean method com.mihailenco.config.ApplicationConfig.getNotExistsPredicate()
133  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor'
133  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor'
135  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Eagerly caching bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor' to allow for resolving potential circular references
135  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Finished creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor'
135  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor'
135  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor'
136  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Eagerly caching bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor' to allow for resolving potential circular references
137  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Finished creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor'
142  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor'
142  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor'
151  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Eagerly caching bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor' to allow for resolving potential circular references
151  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Finished creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor'
155  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext  - Unable to locate MessageSource with name 'messageSource': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@86fe26]
164  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext  - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name 'applicationEventMulticaster': using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@139eeda]
166  [main] INFO  org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@a37368: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,applicationConfig,getNotExistsPredicate]; root of factory hierarchy
166  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
166  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor'
166  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor'
171  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor'
171  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'applicationConfig'
172  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating instance of bean 'applicationConfig'
174  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Eagerly caching bean 'applicationConfig' to allow for resolving potential circular references
190  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Finished creating instance of bean 'applicationConfig'
190  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'getNotExistsPredicate'
190  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Creating instance of bean 'getNotExistsPredicate'
196  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'applicationConfig'
225  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Eagerly caching bean 'getNotExistsPredicate' to allow for resolving potential circular references
232  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Finished creating instance of bean 'getNotExistsPredicate'
235  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext  - Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name 'lifecycleProcessor': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor@134a7d8]
235  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'lifecycleProcessor'
237  [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory  - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'getNotExistsPredicate'
253  [main] DEBUG IocTest  - com.mihailenco.predicate.NotExistsPredicate@982589

【讨论】：

这不起作用，因为您实例化了它。但这不应该是一个答案 - 它应该是对您的问题的编辑

【解决方案4】：

这对我有用...

取自http://www.swiftmind.com/de/2011/06/22/spring-3-1-m2-testing-with-configuration-classes-and-profiles/

package com.example;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// ApplicationContext will be loaded from the
// OrderServiceConfig class
@ContextConfiguration(classes=OrderServiceConfig.class,
    loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class OrderServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Test
    public void testOrderService() {
        // test the orderService
    }
}

【讨论】：