【发布时间】:2016-02-27 00:27:19
【问题描述】:
我正在使用多线程和随机代理抓取网页。我的家用电脑可以很好地处理这个问题,但需要很多进程(在当前代码中,我将其设置为 100)。 RAM 使用量似乎达到了 2.5GB 左右。然而,当我在我的 CentOS VPS 上运行它时,我收到一条通用的“Killed”消息并且程序终止。运行 100 个进程时,我非常非常快地收到 Killed 错误。我将它减少到更合理的 8 并且仍然得到相同的错误,但经过更长的时间。基于一些研究,我假设“Killed”错误与内存使用有关。没有多线程,错误不会发生。
那么,我可以做些什么来优化我的代码以仍然快速运行,但不使用这么多内存?我最好的选择是进一步减少进程数量吗?我可以在程序运行时从 Python 中监控我的内存使用情况吗?
编辑:我刚刚意识到我的 VPS 在我的桌面上有 256mb 的 RAM 而不是 24gb,这是我最初编写代码时没有考虑到的。
#Request soup of url, using random proxy / user agent - try different combinations until valid results are returned
def getsoup(url):
attempts = 0
while True:
try:
proxy = random.choice(working_proxies)
headers = {'user-agent': random.choice(user_agents)}
proxy_dict = {'http': 'http://' + proxy}
r = requests.get(url, headers, proxies=proxy_dict, timeout=5)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html5lib") #"html.parser"
totalpages = int(soup.find("div", class_="pagination").text.split(' of ',1)[1].split('\n', 1)[0]) #Looks for totalpages to verify proper page load
currentpage = int(soup.find("div", class_="pagination").text.split('Page ',1)[1].split(' of', 1)[0])
if totalpages < 5000: #One particular proxy wasn't returning pagelimit=60 or offset requests properly ..
break
except Exception as e:
# print 'Error! Proxy: {}, Error msg: {}'.format(proxy,e)
attempts = attempts + 1
if attempts > 30:
print 'Too many attempts .. something is wrong!'
sys.exit()
return (soup, totalpages, currentpage)
#Return soup of page of ads, connecting via random proxy/user agent
def scrape_url(url):
soup, totalpages, currentpage = getsoup(url)
#Extract ads from page soup
###[A bunch of code to extract individual ads from the page..]
# print 'Success! Scraped page #{} of {} pages.'.format(currentpage, totalpages)
sys.stdout.flush()
return ads
def scrapeall():
global currentpage, totalpages, offset
url = "url"
_, totalpages, _ = getsoup(url + "0")
url_list = [url + str(60*i) for i in range(totalpages)]
# Make the pool of workers
pool = ThreadPool(100)
# Open the urls in their own threads and return the results
results = pool.map(scrape_url, url_list)
# Close the pool and wait for the work to finish
pool.close()
pool.join()
flatten_results = [item for sublist in results for item in sublist] #Flattens the list of lists returned by multithreading
return flatten_results
adscrape = scrapeall()
【问题讨论】:
-
很可能只有 256MB RAM 的进程会因为内存使用过多而被杀死,即使它不是多线程的。您必须记住,甚至不是所有 256MB 都可用。抓取会根据页面使用大量内存。
-
您想将请求排成一行吗?
-
彼得,我可以做些什么来减少内存使用?我已经删除了多线程,是的,它仍然会崩溃
标签: python multithreading memory screen-scraping