为什么我在这个 Python 程序中得到一个 TypeError？ [复制]

【问题标题】：Why do I get a TypeError in this Python program? [duplicate]为什么我在这个 Python 程序中得到一个 TypeError？ [复制]
【发布时间】：2019-11-16 11:12:57
【问题描述】：

# I'm trying to make a Zipf's Law observation using a dictionary that stores every word, and a counter for it. I will later sort this from ascending to descending to prove Zipf's Law in a particular text. I'm taking most of this code from Automate the Boring Stuff with Python, where the same action is performed, but using letters instead.
message = 'the of'
words = message.split()
wordsRanking = {}
for i in words:
    wordsRanking.setdefault(words[i], 0)
    wordsRanking[i] += 1   
print(wordsRanking)

这段代码给了我以下错误：
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not str
我该如何解决这个问题？我将不胜感激。

【问题讨论】：

因为 i 是一个词，而不是一个索引； Python for 循环遍历元素。
许多已经回答的问题可以帮助你。只需在搜索栏中输入您的错误消息

标签： python python-3.x dictionary zipf

【解决方案1】：

如果我们调试：

message = 'the of'
words = message.split()
wordsRanking = {}
for i in words:
    print(i) ### add this
    wordsRanking.setdefault(words[i], 0)
    wordsRanking[i] += 1   
print(wordsRanking)

输出是：

the ## this is what printed. and word[i] is now equal to word["the"]. that raise an error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Dinçel\Desktop\start\try.py", line 6, in <module>
    wordsRanking.setdefault(words[i], 0)
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not str

正如您所见，通过 for 循环迭代 words 为我们提供了 word 的元素。不是整数或元素索引。所以你应该使用wordsRanking.setdefault(i, 0):

message = 'the of'
words = message.split()
wordsRanking = {}
for i in words:
    wordsRanking.setdefault(i, 0)
    wordsRanking[i] += 1   
print(wordsRanking)

【讨论】：