如何使用 zlib 压缩缓冲区？

Question

zlib 网站上有一个使用示例：http://www.zlib.net/zlib_how.html

但是在示例中，他们正在压缩文件。我想压缩存储在内存缓冲区中的二进制数据。我也不想将压缩缓冲区保存到磁盘。

基本上这里是我的缓冲区：

fIplImageHeader->imageData = (char*)imageIn->getFrame();

如何用 zlib 压缩它？

我会很感激一些如何做到这一点的代码示例。

Answer 1

这不是您对 zlib API 问题的直接回答，但您可能对与 zlib 配对的 boost::iostreams 库感兴趣。

这允许使用zlib 驱动的打包算法，使用基本的“流”操作符号，然后可以通过打开一些内存流并对其执行<< data 操作来轻松压缩您的数据。

如果是boost::iostreams，这将自动为通过流的每个数据调用相应的打包过滤器。

Answer 2

您可以通过将 fread() 和 fwrite() 调用替换为指向您的数据的直接指针来轻松调整示例。对于 zlib 压缩（称为 deflate，因为您“取出所有数据”）分配z_stream 结构，调用deflateInit()，然后：

1. 用您要压缩的下一个数据块填充next_in
2. 将avail_in 设置为next_in 中可用的字节数
3. 将next_out 设置为应该写入压缩数据的位置，该位置通常应该是缓冲区内的一个指针，随着您的前进而前进
4. 将avail_out 设置为next_out 中可用的字节数
5. 致电deflate
6. 重复步骤 3-5，直到 avail_out 不为零（即输出缓冲区中的空间超过 zlib 所需的空间 - 没有更多数据要写入）
7. 有数据要压缩时重复步骤 1-6

最后你打电话给deflateEnd()，你就完成了。

你基本上是在给它输入和输出块，直到你没有输入并且它没有输出。

Answer 3

这是一个使用 zlib 打包缓冲区并将压缩内容保存在向量中的示例。

void compress_memory(void *in_data, size_t in_data_size, std::vector<uint8_t> &out_data)
{
 std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;

 const size_t BUFSIZE = 128 * 1024;
 uint8_t temp_buffer[BUFSIZE];

 z_stream strm;
 strm.zalloc = 0;
 strm.zfree = 0;
 strm.next_in = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(in_data);
 strm.avail_in = in_data_size;
 strm.next_out = temp_buffer;
 strm.avail_out = BUFSIZE;

 deflateInit(&strm, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);

 while (strm.avail_in != 0)
 {
  int res = deflate(&strm, Z_NO_FLUSH);
  assert(res == Z_OK);
  if (strm.avail_out == 0)
  {
   buffer.insert(buffer.end(), temp_buffer, temp_buffer + BUFSIZE);
   strm.next_out = temp_buffer;
   strm.avail_out = BUFSIZE;
  }
 }

 int deflate_res = Z_OK;
 while (deflate_res == Z_OK)
 {
  if (strm.avail_out == 0)
  {
   buffer.insert(buffer.end(), temp_buffer, temp_buffer + BUFSIZE);
   strm.next_out = temp_buffer;
   strm.avail_out = BUFSIZE;
  }
  deflate_res = deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
 }

 assert(deflate_res == Z_STREAM_END);
 buffer.insert(buffer.end(), temp_buffer, temp_buffer + BUFSIZE - strm.avail_out);
 deflateEnd(&strm);

 out_data.swap(buffer);
}

Answer 4

zlib.h 拥有您需要的所有功能：compress（或compress2）和uncompress。请参阅 zlib 的源代码以获得答案。

ZEXTERN int ZEXPORT compress OF((Bytef *dest,   uLongf *destLen, const Bytef *source, uLong sourceLen));
/*
         Compresses the source buffer into the destination buffer.  sourceLen is
     the byte length of the source buffer.  Upon entry, destLen is the total size
     of the destination buffer, which must be at least the value returned by
     compressBound(sourceLen).  Upon exit, destLen is the actual size of the
     compressed buffer.

         compress returns Z_OK if success, Z_MEM_ERROR if there was not
     enough memory, Z_BUF_ERROR if there was not enough room in the output
     buffer.
*/

ZEXTERN int ZEXPORT uncompress OF((Bytef *dest,   uLongf *destLen, const Bytef *source, uLong sourceLen));
/*
         Decompresses the source buffer into the destination buffer.  sourceLen is
     the byte length of the source buffer.  Upon entry, destLen is the total size
     of the destination buffer, which must be large enough to hold the entire
     uncompressed data.  (The size of the uncompressed data must have been saved
     previously by the compressor and transmitted to the decompressor by some
     mechanism outside the scope of this compression library.) Upon exit, destLen
     is the actual size of the uncompressed buffer.

         uncompress returns Z_OK if success, Z_MEM_ERROR if there was not
     enough memory, Z_BUF_ERROR if there was not enough room in the output
     buffer, or Z_DATA_ERROR if the input data was corrupted or incomplete.  In
     the case where there is not enough room, uncompress() will fill the output
     buffer with the uncompressed data up to that point.
*/

Answer 5

使用 C++ 功能更方便的经典方式

这是一个完整的示例，演示了使用 C++ std::vector 对象进行压缩和解压缩：

#include <cstdio>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <zconf.h>
#include <zlib.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cassert>

void add_buffer_to_vector(std::vector<char> &vector, const char *buffer, uLongf length) {
    for (int character_index = 0; character_index < length; character_index++) {
        char current_character = buffer[character_index];
        vector.push_back(current_character);
    }
}

int compress_vector(std::vector<char> source, std::vector<char> &destination) {
    unsigned long source_length = source.size();
    uLongf destination_length = compressBound(source_length);

    char *destination_data = (char *) malloc(destination_length);
    if (destination_data == nullptr) {
        return Z_MEM_ERROR;
    }

    Bytef *source_data = (Bytef *) source.data();
    int return_value = compress2((Bytef *) destination_data, &destination_length, source_data, source_length,
                                 Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);
    add_buffer_to_vector(destination, destination_data, destination_length);
    free(destination_data);
    return return_value;
}

int decompress_vector(std::vector<char> source, std::vector<char> &destination) {
    unsigned long source_length = source.size();
    uLongf destination_length = compressBound(source_length);

    char *destination_data = (char *) malloc(destination_length);
    if (destination_data == nullptr) {
        return Z_MEM_ERROR;
    }

    Bytef *source_data = (Bytef *) source.data();
    int return_value = uncompress((Bytef *) destination_data, &destination_length, source_data, source.size());
    add_buffer_to_vector(destination, destination_data, destination_length);
    free(destination_data);
    return return_value;
}

void add_string_to_vector(std::vector<char> &uncompressed_data,
                          const char *my_string) {
    int character_index = 0;
    while (true) {
        char current_character = my_string[character_index];
        uncompressed_data.push_back(current_character);

        if (current_character == '\00') {
            break;
        }

        character_index++;
    }
}

// https://stackoverflow.com/a/27173017/3764804
void print_bytes(std::ostream &stream, const unsigned char *data, size_t data_length, bool format = true) {
    stream << std::setfill('0');
    for (size_t data_index = 0; data_index < data_length; ++data_index) {
        stream << std::hex << std::setw(2) << (int) data[data_index];
        if (format) {
            stream << (((data_index + 1) % 16 == 0) ? "\n" : " ");
        }
    }
    stream << std::endl;
}

void test_compression() {
    std::vector<char> uncompressed(0);
    auto *my_string = (char *) "Hello, world!";
    add_string_to_vector(uncompressed, my_string);

    std::vector<char> compressed(0);
    int compression_result = compress_vector(uncompressed, compressed);
    assert(compression_result == F_OK);

    std::vector<char> decompressed(0);
    int decompression_result = decompress_vector(compressed, decompressed);
    assert(decompression_result == F_OK);

    printf("Uncompressed: %s\n", uncompressed.data());
    printf("Compressed: ");
    std::ostream &standard_output = std::cout;
    print_bytes(standard_output, (const unsigned char *) compressed.data(), compressed.size(), false);
    printf("Decompressed: %s\n", decompressed.data());
}

在您的main.cpp 中只需调用：

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    test_compression();
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

产生的输出：

Uncompressed: Hello, world!
Compressed: 78daf348cdc9c9d75128cf2fca495164000024e8048a
Decompressed: Hello, world!

升压方式

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/iostreams/filtering_streambuf.hpp>
#include <boost/iostreams/copy.hpp>
#include <boost/iostreams/filter/zlib.hpp>

std::string compress(const std::string &data) {
    boost::iostreams::filtering_streambuf<boost::iostreams::output> output_stream;
    output_stream.push(boost::iostreams::zlib_compressor());
    std::stringstream string_stream;
    output_stream.push(string_stream);
    boost::iostreams::copy(boost::iostreams::basic_array_source<char>(data.c_str(),
                                                                      data.size()), output_stream);
    return string_stream.str();
}

std::string decompress(const std::string &cipher_text) {
    std::stringstream string_stream;
    string_stream << cipher_text;
    boost::iostreams::filtering_streambuf<boost::iostreams::input> input_stream;
    input_stream.push(boost::iostreams::zlib_decompressor());

    input_stream.push(string_stream);
    std::stringstream unpacked_text;
    boost::iostreams::copy(input_stream, unpacked_text);
    return unpacked_text.str();
}

TEST_CASE("zlib") {
    std::string plain_text = "Hello, world!";
    const auto cipher_text = compress(plain_text);
    const auto decompressed_plain_text = decompress(cipher_text);
    REQUIRE(plain_text == decompressed_plain_text);
}