要记住的重要一点是,Date 类应该代表任何时间点,而 Calendar 类用于操作这些时间点。最后,SimpleDateFormat 会将它们表示为字符串。
因此,最好的方法是使用 Calendar 类为您计算新的 Date。这将确保考虑到任何变幻莫测(夏令时、闰年等)。
我假设您并不是真的想查找“24 小时前”,但实际上确实想要一个表示“昨天的这个时间”的新 Date 实例 - 无论哪种方式,您都可以向 Calendar 实例询问 24 小时前的日期到另一个或 1 天前。
夏令时就是一个很好的例子。英国于 2009 年 3 月 26 日“突飞猛进”。因此,在凌晨 3 点前 1 天。 2009 年 3 月 26 日应该会产生 3.00a.m. 2009 年 3 月 25 日,但提前 24 小时将产生 2.00a.m.
public class DateTests extends TestCase {
private static String EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME = "2009.Mar.29 03:00:00";
private static String EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME_LESS_DAY = "2009.Mar.28 03:00:00";
private static String EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME_LESS_24_HRS = "2009.Mar.28 02:00:00";
private static String EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME_LESS_FURTHER_24_HRS = "2009.Mar.27 02:00:00";
public void testSubtractDayOr24Hours() {
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MMM.dd HH:mm:SS");
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
// Create our reference date, 3.00 a.m. on the day the clocks go forward (they 'went' forward at 02.00)
calendar.clear();
calendar.set(2009, 2, 29, 3, 0);
Date summerTime = calendar.getTime(); // Sun Mar 29 03:00:00 BST 2009
String formattedSummerTime = formatter.format(summerTime);
calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -1);
// Our reference date less 'a day'
Date summerTimeLessADay = calendar.getTime(); // Sat Mar 28 03:00:00 GMT 2009
String formattedSummerTimeLessADay = formatter.format(summerTimeLessADay);
// reset the calendar instance to the reference day
calendar.setTime(summerTime);
// Our reference date less '24 hours' (is not quite 24 hours)
calendar.add(Calendar.HOUR, -24);
Date summerTimeLess24Hrs = calendar.getTime(); // Sat Mar 28 02:00:00 GMT 2009
String formattedSummerTimeLess24Hrs = formatter.format(summerTimeLess24Hrs);
// Third date shows that taking a further 24 hours from yields expected result
calendar.add(Calendar.HOUR, -24);
Date summerTimeLessFurther24Hrs = calendar.getTime(); // Fri Mar 27 02:00:00 GMT 2009
String formattedSummerTimeLessFurther24Hrs = formatter.format(summerTimeLessFurther24Hrs);
// reset the calendar once more to the day before
calendar.setTime(summerTimeLess24Hrs);
// Take a 'day' from the Sat will yield the same result as date 03 because Daylight Saving is not a factor
calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -1);
Date summerTimeLessFurtherDay = calendar.getTime(); // Fri Mar 27 02:00:00 GMT 2009
String formattedSummerTimeLessFurtherDay = formatter.format(summerTimeLessFurtherDay);
assert(formattedSummerTime.equals(EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME));
assert(formattedSummerTimeLessADay.equals(EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME_LESS_DAY));
assert(formattedSummerTimeLess24Hrs.equals(EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME_LESS_24_HRS));
assert(formattedSummerTimeLessFurther24Hrs.equals(EXPECTED_SUMMER_TIME_LESS_FURTHER_24_HRS));
// This last test proves that taking 24 hors vs. A Day usually yields the same result
assert(formattedSummerTimeLessFurther24Hrs.equals(formattedSummerTimeLessFurtherDay));
}
}
对于测试日期函数,wwwdot-timeanddate-dot-com 是一个很好的资源。