带有许多标志的 Makefile

Question

我正在尝试了解 Makefile 的外观，当涉及到标志时，尤其是链接标志。这是我的 Makefile：

OBJS    = n.o
SOURCE  = n.cpp
# HEADER = there are no header files, so I commented that
OUT     =       test
CXX     = ../mpich-install/bin/mpic++
FLAGS   =       -I../intel/mkl/include  ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_scalapack_ilp64.a       -Wl,--start-group       ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_intel_ilp64.a ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_core.a  ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_sequential.a    -Wl,--end-group ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.a -lpthread       -lm     -ldl

all: $(OBJS)
        $(CXX)  $(OBJS) -o $(OUT)       $(FLAGS)

# create/compile the individual files >>separately<<
n.o:    n.cpp
        $(CXX)  -c      n.cpp   $(FLAGS)

.PHONY : all
# clean house
clean:
        rm -f $(OBJS)

然后我得到：

../mpich-install/bin/mpic++     -c      n.cpp   -I../intel/mkl/include  ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_scalapack_ilp64.a       -Wl,--start-group       ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_intel_ilp64.a   ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_core.a  ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_sequential.a    -Wl,--end-group ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.a  -lpthread       -lm     -ldl
g++: warning: ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_scalapack_ilp64.a: linker input file unused because linking not done
g++: warning: ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_intel_ilp64.a: linker input file unused because linking not done
g++: warning: ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_core.a: linker input file unused because linking not done
g++: warning: ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_sequential.a: linker input file unused because linking not done
g++: warning: ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.a: linker input file unused because linking not done
../mpich-install/bin/mpic++     n.o -o test     -I../intel/mkl/include  ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_scalapack_ilp64.a       -Wl,--start-group       ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_intel_ilp64.a   ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_core.a  ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_sequential.a    -Wl,--end-group ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.a  -lpthread       -lm     -ldl

这意味着我应该只在过程的最后部分使用一些标志。处理这种情况的正确方法是什么？也许创建FLAGS1 和FLAGS2？它应该可以工作，但我想知道哪种方法正确。

Answer 1

"...但我想知道哪种方法正确。"

正确的方法是跟上make标准变量名，尤其是CXXFLAGS和LDFLAGS。

您不想像在此处尝试那样为链接器标志指定库（实际上是指定主题）：

FLAGS   =  ... ../intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_scalapack_ilp64.a

与其使用FLAGS 并给出链接的直接主题，不如使用标准的LDFLAGS makefile 变量来设置路径，并让链接器找到适当的静态或共享库：

  LDFLAGS += -L../intel/mkl/lib/intel64 -lmkl_scalapack_ilp64
# ^^^^^^^ Note the standard build system uses $(LDFLAGS) at the linker stage rule
# -L specifies the paths for finding libraries
# -l<MyLib> actually searches for certain libraries in the given paths,
#           expanding to search for files like libMyLib.a or libMyLib.so.

all: $(OBJS)
        $(CXX)  $(OBJS) -o $(OUT) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
#                                          ^^^^^^^^^^ Use them separately at
#                                                     linking stage  
        make    -f      Makefile        clean
#       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This whole line looks very (!!!) suspicious,
#                                             and would just make it harder to debug your
#                                             build system. It's an indicator, you did
#                                             dependencies management wrong.
#                                             Consider to use the compiler's --MF options 
#                                             family, to create a dependency file for the 
#                                             headers, and include it in your makefile.

---

区分编译阶段标志 (CXXFLAGS) 和链接阶段标志 (LDFLAGS)。

---

旁白：

为了避免这种情况

make    -f      Makefile        clean

在您的最终目标规则中添加操作（可能是为了避免丢失以赶上标头依赖项），将-MF 选项添加到CXXFLAGS，并包含结果。

以下是有关各种技术的更多详细信息：

Auto-Dependency Generation