【发布时间】：2012-01-01 14:18:58
【问题描述】：
我正在尝试为 ATmega328 micro 编译一些代码，我想使用 Arduino 的库和核心。我正在使用CMake。我已经编译了核心库和我的代码的所有对象以及 Arduino 的库。但是当它链接时，他们向我显示以下错误。
..."重定位被截断以适应：R_AVR_13_PCREL 针对 符号"..."avr5/libgcc.a"...
我有 found through Google 这是一个常见错误，但没有任何解决方案对我有用。我唯一不能做的就是在链接器语句的末尾加上“-lm”和“-lc”标志，因为我不知道如何使用 CMake 来做到这一点。
编辑：我也尝试过使用 makefile 编译它，但我得到了相同的结果，甚至在链接器语句的末尾添加了“-lm”和“-lc”标志。
我把我的 Makefile 和 CMake 文件放在这里：
CMakeList.txt CMake 主文件
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
Project(IMU)
set(ARDUINO_PROCESSOR atmega328p)
set(ARDUINO_PROCESSOR_FREQ 1600000L)
include(./arduino.cmake)
add_library(ardlib
libraries/EEPROM/EEPROM.cpp
libraries/Wire/utility/twi.c
libraries/Wire/Wire.cpp
libraries/HMC58X3/HMC58X3
)
LINK_DIRECTORIES(${IMU_SRC_DIR}/libarduinocore
${IMU_SRC_DIR}/libraries/EEPROM
${IMU_SRC_DIR}/libraries/Wire
${IMU_SRC_DIR}/libraries/HMC58X3
)
link_libraries(arduinocore ardlib)
include_directories(
libarduinocore
libraries/EEPROM
libraries/Wire
libraries/Wire/utility
libraries/HMC58X3
)
set(C_SRCS
ADXL345.cpp
ApplicationRoutines.cpp
DCM.cpp
HMC5883L.cpp
ITG3200.cpp
matrix.cpp
output.cpp
timing.cpp
vector.cpp
)
set(C_HDRS
ADXL345.h
ApplicationRoutines.h
DCM.h
HMC5883L.h
ITG3200.h
matrix.h
output.h
timing.h
vector.h
declarations.h
)
add_executable(IMU.elf main.cpp ${C_SRCS} ${C_HDRS})
add_subdirectory(libarduinocore)
arduino.cmake。即由 CMakeList.txt 导入：
set(ARDUINO_PROCESSOR atmega328p)
set(ARDUINO_PROCESSOR_FREQ 16000000L)
# This module defines macros intended for use by cross-compiling toolchain files when
# CMake is not able to automatically detect the compiler identification.
include (CMakeForceCompiler)
# Set this for cross compiling. Otherwise it is set to CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME,
# which is the system we are developing on.
set (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
# It sets CMAKE_<lang>_COMPILER to the given compiler and the cmake internal variable
# CMAKE_<lang>_COMPILER_ID to the given compiler-id. It also bypasses the check for
# working compiler and basic compiler information tests.
SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER avr-gcc)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER avr-g++)
cmake_force_cxx_compiler (avr-g++ CrossAVR)
cmake_force_c_compiler (avr-gcc CrossAVR)
# Appparently we want to use the gnuc99 standard.
#set (CSTANDARD "-std=gnu99")
# Generate .stabs debugging symbols for assembler source lines. This enables avr-gdb to
# trace through assembler source files.
#set (CDEBUG "-gstabs")
# Warn for functions declared or defined without specified argument types.
set (CWARN "-Wall -Wstrict-prototypes")
# -funsigned-char - Make any unqualfied char type an unsigned char. Without this option,
# they default to a signed char.
# -funsigned-bitfields - Make any unqualified bitfield type unsigned. By default,
# they are signed.
# -fpack-struct - Pack all structure members together without holes.
# -fshort-enums - Allocate to an enum type only as many bytes as it needs for the declared
# range of possible values. Specifically, the enum type will be equivalent to the
# smallest integer type which has enough room.
set (CTUNING_FLAGS "-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums")
# Optimize for size. The special option -Os is meant to turn on all -O2 optimizations
# that are not expected to increase code size.
set (COPT "-Os")
SET(CINCS "-I${ArduinoCode_SOURCE_DIR}/libarduinocore")
# Finally the compilation flags are now configured.
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-lc -lm -mmcu=${ARDUINO_PROCESSOR} -DF_CPU=${ARDUINO_PROCESSOR_FREQ} ${CTUNING_FLAGS} ${CWARN} ${CSTANDARD} ${CDEBUG} ${COPT} ${CINCS} -lc")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-lc -lm ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${CTUNING_FLAGS} ${CWARN} ${CSTANDARD} ${CDEBUG} ${CINCS} -lc")
# On gentoo, -rdynamic is passed to the compiler. The avr compiler does not recognize this
# option. Also, we are not building shared libraries.
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,--gc-sections")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_LINK_CXX_FLAGS ""
Arduino 核心 CMake 文件。这是一个放入libarduinocore目录的CMakeList.txt文件。
include(../arduino.cmake)
add_library (arduinocore
HardwareSerial.cpp
pins_arduino.c
Print.cpp
Tone.cpp
WInterrupts.c
wiring_analog.c
wiring.c
wiring_digital.c
wiring_pulse.c
wiring_shift.c
WMath.cpp
WString.cpp
)
生成文件
TARGET = IMU
PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
BAUD = 57600
PROGRAMMER = arduino
MCU = atmega328p
F_CPU = 8000000L
CXX_SRCS = ADXL345.cpp \
ApplicationRoutines.cpp \
DCM.cpp \
HMC5883L.cpp \
ITG3200.cpp \
matrix.cpp \
output.cpp \
timing.cpp \
vector.cpp
CXX_OBJ = $(CXX_SRCS:.cpp=.o)
CXX_HDRS = ADXL345.h \
ApplicationRoutines.h \
DCM.h \
declarations.h \
HMC5883L.h \
ITG3200.h \
matrix.h \
output.h \
timing.h \
vector.h
CORE_DIR = libarduinocore
CORE_CXX_SRCS = $(CORE_DIR)/HardwareSerial.cpp \
$(CORE_DIR)/Print.cpp \
$(CORE_DIR)/Tone.cpp \
$(CORE_DIR)/WMath.cpp \
$(CORE_DIR)/WString.cpp
CORE_CXX_OBJ = $(CORE_CXX_SRCS:.cpp=.o)
CORE_CC_SRCS = $(CORE_DIR)/pins_arduino.c \
$(CORE_DIR)/WInterrupts.c \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring_analog.c \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring.c \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring_digital.c \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring_pulse.c \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring_shift.c
CORE_CC_OBJ = $(CORE_CC_SRCS:.c=.o)
CORE_HDRS = $(CORE_DIR)/binary.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/HardwareSerial.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/pins_arduino.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/Print.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/Stream.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/WCharacter.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/WConstants.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/wiring_private.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/WProgram.h \
$(CORE_DIR)/WString.h
ARD_LIB_DIR = libraries
ARD_LIB_CXX_SRCS = $(ARD_LIB_DIR)/EEPROM/EEPROM.cpp \
$(ARD_LIB_DIR)/Wire/Wire.cpp \
$(ARD_LIB_DIR)/HMC58X3/HMC58X3.cpp
ARD_LIB_CC_SRCS = $(ARD_LIB_DIR)/Wire/utility/twi.c
ARD_LIB_CXX_OBJ = $(ARD_LIB_CXX_SRCS:.cpp=.o)
ARD_LIB_CC_OBJ = $(ARD_LIB_CC_SRCS:.c=.o)
CC = avr-gcc
CXX = avr-g++
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
AR = avr-ar
SIZE = avr-size
NM = avr-nm
AVRDUDE = avrdude
ARD_LIB_INC = -I$(ARD_LIB_DIR) -I$(ARD_LIB_DIR)/EEPROM -I$(ARD_LIB_DIR)/Wire -I$(ARD_LIB_DIR)/HMC58X3 -I$(ARD_LIB_DIR)/Wire/utility
FLAGS_WARN = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
FLAGS_TUNING = -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
FLAGS_OPT = -Os
ALL_INC = -I. $(ARD_LIB_INC) -I$(CORE_DIR)
OBJS = $(CXX_OBJ) $(CORE_CXX_OBJ) $(CORE_CC_OBJ) $(ARD_LIB_CC_OBJ) $(ARD_LIB_CXX_OBJ)
ALL_OBJS := $(addprefix build/, $(notdir $(OBJS)))
ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) $(ALL_INC) $(FLAGS_WARN) $(FLAGS_TUNNIG) $(FLAGS_OPT)
ALL_CXXFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) $(ALL_INC) -Wall $(FLAGS_TUNNIG) $(FLAGS_OPT)
#ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS)
all : $(TARGET).hex
avr-objcopy -O ihex -R .eeprom $(TARGET).out $(TARGET).hex
$(TARGET).out : $(OBJS)
$(CXX) $(ALL_CXXFLAGS) main.cpp $(ALL_OBJS) -o $(TARGET).out -lc -lm
upload : $(TARGET).hex
avrdude -c$(PROGRAMMER) -p$(MCU) -P$(PORT) -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex
serialmon :
picocom -b$(BAUD) $(PORT)
.SUFFIXES: .hex .cpp .o .c
# Compile: create object files from C++ source files.
.cpp.o:
$(CXX) -c $(ALL_CXXFLAGS) $< -o $(addprefix build/, $(notdir $@)) -lc -lm
# Compile: create object files from C source files.
.c.o:
$(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $(addprefix build/, $(notdir $@)) -lc -lm
# Compile: create assembler files from C source files.
.c.s:
$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o build/$@ -lc -lm
【问题讨论】：
-
你能显示使用 Makefile 时得到的输出吗？我刚刚遇到了完全相同的问题并通过添加-lm（但没有-lc）来解决它。我只将它添加到 Makefile 中 .elf 目标的行尾。
-
你确定你不只是内存不足吗？ 328p 有高达 32KB 的空间，其中一些空间被引导加载程序使用。
标签： linker arduino linker-errors avr avr-gcc